High-Performance Rhenium Disulfide-Based SPR Sensor for Detection of Adrenal Gland (PC12) Cells in Biomedical Applications

This work presents a simulation design of a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a novel structure for sensing the adrenal gland (PC12) cells utilizing a nanostructure from rhenium disulfide (ReS₂). The sensor is based on detecting the refractive index (RI) variation of the sensing medium, which ranges from 1.381 to 1.395 in order to mimic diverse biological conditions. The sensor is fabricated in the Kretschmann geometry and consists of FK51A glass, an Ag layer, and a ReS₂ film. Other 2D materials like black phosphorus (BP), graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) are incorporated to further enhance its sensing properties. Reflectance is simulated and used to calculate key sensing parameters such as sensitivity, quality factor (QF), and accuracy of detection through the transfer matrix method. The optimized structure has the highest sensitivity of 288.571°/RIU, QF of 237.857 RIU⁻¹, and detection precision of 3.49, which is much better than of typical SPR sensors. The outcomes express the huge potentiality of ReS₂-based SPR sensors in biomedical applications, such as in the fields of neurobiology research and disease diagnosis.