利用毕业方法重建受项目影响的生计

IF 4.3 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Ana Maria Esteves , Alexandra Maurtua Konstantinidis , Benjamin Carroll , Clotilde Gouley , Frank Vanclay
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们认为,在采掘业背景下,“分级”方法有可能恢复受项目导致的流离失所和重新安置影响的生计。孟加拉国农村发展委员会(BRAC)制定的“分级办法”是一项减轻贫困的战略。一个家庭在达到以下目标后,从一个干预水平“毕业”到下一个干预水平:社会保护;生计推广;金融包容性;以及社会赋权。毕业方法的主要特点包括:量身定制的支持;指导;关注弱势群体。我们调整了“分级方法”,使其能够解决项目土地征用背景下与生计恢复相关的复杂性,并与基于人权的方法和国际标准保持一致。我们对“毕业方法”的改编是对良好社会绩效实践的重大贡献,特别是在管理项目土地征用对弱势群体的物理迁移和经济迁移的影响方面。通过对社会绩效实践的反思、文献综述和对应用毕业方法的主要从业人员的访谈,我们概述了一个可实施的过程,社会从业者和政策制定者可以使用该过程来提高采掘业和其他流离失所项目中生计恢复工作的有效性。我们根据项目环境中生计影响管理的典型五个阶段概述了我们的改进方法:项目概念设计;重建生计的规划;执行准备工作;实施;和竣工。我们建议使用我们改进的分级方法将减少项目引起的流离失所和重新安置的危害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rebuilding project-affected livelihoods using the Graduation Approach
We consider the potential of the Graduation Approach to restore livelihoods affected by project-induced displacement and resettlement in an extractive industries context. The Graduation Approach, developed by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), is a strategy for alleviating poverty. A household ‘graduates’ from one level of intervention to the next after reaching goals for: social protection; livelihoods promotion; financial inclusion; and social empowerment. Key features of the Graduation Approach include: tailored support; coaching; and a focus on vulnerable populations. We adapted the Graduation Approach so that it can address the complexities associated with livelihood restoration in the context of project land acquisition and is consistent with a human rights based approach and international standards. Our adaptation of the Graduation Approach is a major contribution to good social performance practice, especially in relation to managing the impacts on vulnerable people from the physical displacement and economic displacement from project land acquisition. Reflecting on social performance practice, literature review and interviews with leading practitioners experienced in applying the Graduation Approach, we outline an implementable process that social practitioners and policymakers could use to improve the effectiveness of livelihood restoration efforts in extractive and other projects that displace people. We outline our modified approach according to the typical five phases of livelihood impact management in a project setting: Project Conceptual Design; Planning for Livelihoods Re-establishment; Preparation for Implementation; Implementation; and Close-Out. We suggest that using our modified Graduation Approach will reduce the harm from project-induced displacement and resettlement.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
19.40%
发文量
135
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