Development of hybrid gaseous detectors

In order to address the issue of future implementation of gaseous detectors due to large global warming potentials of some common detector gases, our team has developed the concept of “hybrid gaseous detectors” where part of the electron multiplication is transferred from the gas layer to a solid-state layer applied directly on the in-chamber anode surface. The concept was tested with the RPCs and was validated to relax the operating conditions considerably enabling the consideration of alternative gases and flow schemes. For the developed hybrid RPCs, Al${}_2$O${}_3$ and TiO${}_2$ were used as high secondary electron emission yield surface coatings on the anode. Afterwards, we adapted the hybrid concept to drift tubes. First tests have shown promising results. Recently, we developed hybrid RPCs with optical readout which is obtained with SiPMs directly coupled to the gas layer. Here, we report on the development of hybrid gaseous detectors and discuss future directions.