Leveraging digitalization in geoheritage and geoparks: Analysis of advancements and trends through bibliometric analysis and the antecedents, decisions, outcomes-theories, contexts, methods (ADO-TCM) framework

This study aims to systematically analyze the role and trends of digitalization in geoheritage and geopark management, identifying research gaps and future opportunities to support sustainable development and policy-making. It examines the growing trend of leveraging digitalization in geoheritage and geopark management to drive economic growth, cultural education, and sustainability, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020 and bibliometric analysis with VOS viewer, it identifies key research trends and gaps. A major novelty of this study lies in the first-time application of the antecedents, decisions, outcomes-theories, contexts, methods (ADO-TCM) framework to analyze digitalization in geoheritage and geoparks. The findings, derived from 138 scholarly articles, reveal that while digital tools are increasingly explored in tourism and heritage management, their specific role in geoheritage and geopark settings remains underexamined. The study highlights digitalization's potential to promote sustainability, enhance economic development, and improve educational outcomes. It offers actionable insights for various stakeholders. Managers can leverage digital tools for operational efficiency and visitor engagement. Governments can align policies to support digital transformation. Society can benefit from digital platforms to increase awareness and participation in geoheritage conservation. By addressing the underexplored intersection of digital technologies and geoheritage management, this research bridges gaps in the literature and provides a roadmap for future studies. It emphasizes digitalization as a transformative tool for advancing sustainability and fostering informed, engaged communities.