高蛋白摄入和正常蛋白摄入后老年人和年轻人的餐后氨基酸谱

IF 7.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.08.019

Catrin Herpich , Donna Li , Daniela Weber , Bastian Kochlik , Ursula Müller-Werdan , Tilman Grune , Kristina Norman

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和目的蛋白质代谢紊乱会影响老年人的健康结果，其中氨基酸代谢起着核心作用。衰老与肌肉蛋白合成受损、胰岛素抵抗和炎症有关，所有这些都可能改变餐后氨基酸反应。方法本研究分析了老年人（n = 40，女性n = 32）和年轻人（n = 30，女性n = 21）在食用标准蛋白质试验餐后的氨基酸谱。16%能量% （E%）蛋白质，68% E%碳水化合物]或高蛋白[HP；77%蛋白质，17%碳水化合物；每个450千卡]。餐后血浆氨基酸分别在0、30、60、120和240 min用液相色谱联用串联质谱法进行定量，血浆氨基酸反应以曲线下增量面积（iAUC）进行评价。结果两组空腹氨基酸浓度差异无统计学意义（p < 0.05），餐后差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。老年人在摄入HP后表现出支链氨基酸、脯氨酸和酪氨酸动力学的改变（p < 0.05）。除老年人谷氨酰胺含量较高外，NP摄入后各组间的餐后氨基酸动态与年龄相当，但HP后老年人餐后氨基酸浓度明显较高。回归分析显示，胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素反应和白细胞介素-6是NP后氨基酸iAUCs的关键决定因素，而骨骼肌质量指数、习惯性蛋白质摄入和肝酶是HP后氨基酸iAUCs的重要影响因素。这些发现表明，老年人的氨基酸动态受习惯性蛋白质摄入、肌肉量、胰岛素抵抗和炎症的影响，而不仅仅是年龄的影响。老年人对高蛋白膳食的餐后氨基酸反应更明显，这可能反映了由于肌肉量减少而导致的氨基酸摄取减少。

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Postprandial amino acid profiles in older and younger adults following high and normal protein ingestion

Background & aims

Disruptions in protein metabolism can impact health outcomes in older age, with amino acid metabolism playing a central role. Aging is associated with impaired muscle protein synthesis, insulin resistance, and inflammation, all of which may alter postprandial amino acid responses.

Methods

This study analyzed amino acid profiles in older (n = 40, female n = 32) and younger (n = 30, female n = 21) adults after consuming test meals with standard protein [NP; 16 energy percent (E%) protein, 68 E% carbohydrates] or high protein [HP; 77 E% protein, 17 E% carbohydrates; 450 kcal each]. Postprandial plasma amino acids were quantified at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, with plasma amino acids responses evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC).

Results

Fasting amino acid concentrations were similar between age groups, but significant postprandial changes (p < 0.05) were observed after both meals. Older adults exhibited altered branched-chain amino acids, proline, and tyrosine dynamics (all p < 0.05) after HP ingestion. Postprandial amino acid dynamics were comparable age between groups after NP ingestion, except for higher glutamine in older adults, but markedly higher postprandial amino acid concentrations occurred in older adults after HP. Regression analysis revealed insulin resistance, insulin response, and interleukin-6 as key determinants of amino acid iAUCs after NP, while skeletal muscle mass index, habitual protein intake and liver enzymes were significant factors after HP.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that amino acid dynamics in older adults are shaped by habitual protein intake, muscle mass, insulin resistance, and inflammation rather than age alone. A more pronounced postprandial amino acid response to a high-protein meal in older adults may reflect reduced amino acid uptake due to lower muscle mass.

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

6.30%

发文量

356

审稿时长

28 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition, the official journal of ESPEN, The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, is an international journal providing essential scientific information on nutritional and metabolic care and the relationship between nutrition and disease both in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Published bi-monthly, each issue combines original articles and reviews providing an invaluable reference for any specialist concerned with these fields.