RNAi-mediated effective gene silencing of multiple targets in the Asia-I genetic group of Bemisia tabaci G. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) using double-stranded RNA through oral delivery

Bemisia tabaci, a major phloem-feeding pest, poses a significant threat to global agriculture by directly damaging crops and transmitting various plant viruses. Managing this pest remains challenging due to its rapid resistance development and the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on non-target organisms. RNA interference (RNAi) has recently emerged as a promising alternative for pest control. This study evaluated the impact of RNAi on essential genes such as Acetylcholine esterase (AChE), Acetylcholine esterase-like (AChELP), Chitin synthase 2 (ChS2), and five Aquaporins (Aqp) in B. tabaci through oral administration of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mixed with an artificial diet. The experiment assessed gene silencing effects at three dsRNA concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/mL) over different time intervals (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). Significant mortality (50 %) was observed in AChELP at 1.0 μg/mL after 72 h, while similar mortality was recorded in ChS2 and AChE at the same concentration after 48 h. The highest mortality (∼80 %) occurred after 96 h with 2.0 μg/mL for all tested genes. Gene expression analysis revealed that AChELP dsRNA-fed whiteflies exhibited the highest silencing efficiency (97.5 %), followed by ChS2 (70.73 %) and AChE (54.47 %). These findings highlight the potential of oral dsRNA delivery as an effective RNAi-based strategy for developing biopesticides against B. tabaci.