Solid-state hydrogen storage alloys for production-storage and transportation-application coupling at ambient temperature: A review

Renewable energy is essential for achieving sustainable development in human society. As a renewable energy carrier, hydrogen holds significant promise as an alternative to traditional energy sources due to its high energy density, abundant availability, and zero-emission combustion. However, challenges such as high cost and low efficiency in hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and application contribute to its relatively low overall energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive industrial system is crucial to advance the utilization of hydrogen energy. This review proposes an integrated industrial framework that includes offshore wind power and seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, purification, storage, transportation, and application in fuel cells, offering a novel strategy for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Additionally, we summarize advances in hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs), which can directly absorb hydrogen produced from seawater electrolysis and supply it at the required pressure for fuel cell applications. Based on their performance, we identify suitable HSAs from the existing studies that meet these criteria. These selected HSAs are integrated with hydrogen storage tanks and marine transportation to establish a completely coupled engineering system. This review offers insights into the future developmental potential of this system and its prospects for large-scale practical applications.