Research progress on extraction and purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and applications of Arctium lappa L. (burdock) polysaccharides: A review

Arctium lappa L. (burdock) is a plant of the genus Arctium in the family Asteraceae, which is a commonly used food and medicinal resource. Notably, burdock polysaccharides are essential active components with remarkable and beneficial biological activities, including anti-constipation, anti-diabetes, anti-tussive, anti-edema, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The biological activity mechanism of burdock polysaccharides is closely related to their structures. Currently, in addition to traditional extraction methods, novel methods are being developed for extracting burdock polysaccharides. Additionally, burdock polysaccharides have potential novel applications in biologics and agriculture. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic and in-depth review of the research progress on the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from burdock, their structural characteristics, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and applications. It is hoped that this framework will provide a theoretical foundation for future studies, applications, and advancements in human health and product development.