Paula Rojas-Gómez, Raghunath Pariyani, Noel A McCarthy, Lorraine M Bateman, James A O'Mahony, Tom F O'Callaghan
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As the dairy sector intensifies efforts to enhance product functionality and sustainability, metabolic profiling represents a promising approach to link animal physiology, farming practices and changes occuring during processing.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aims</h3>\n \n <p>This review aimed to collate current knowledge regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the milk metabolome and, as a result, how the milk metabolome impacts milk techno-functionality. This review explores primary production variables, such as diet, breed, environment and management practices, and their effects on milk composition and processability.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A comprehensive literature review of the subject matter was conducted across relevant studies, selected based on their focus on milk metabolomics in the context of dairy production and processing. Emphasis was placed on publications from 2010 to 2025 to capture recent advances and emerging trends.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Major findings</h3>\n \n <p>The milk metabolome is affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including species, breed, diet, stage of lactation and health status, each of which influences nutritional value and processability of milk. As such, several milk metabolites, including choline, acetate and myo-inositol, have been correlated with gelation, a key techno-functional indicator. Furthermore, some metabolites have been highlighted as biomarkers of cow feeding systems such as hippurate, a biomarker of pasture-based feeding.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Scientific and Industrial Implications</h3>\n \n <p>Understanding the determinants and consequences of milk metabolome variations offers new opportunities to improve dairy product quality, tailor processing conditions and support the development of farming and traceability strategies.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13822,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dairy Technology","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1471-0307.70058","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The milk metabolome and its potential utilisation for enhanced dairy processing\",\"authors\":\"Paula Rojas-Gómez, Raghunath Pariyani, Noel A McCarthy, Lorraine M Bateman, James A O'Mahony, Tom F O'Callaghan\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1471-0307.70058\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Milk metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool in dairy science, offering detailed insight into the molecular composition of milk. Understanding the milk metabolome is increasingly relevant to optimise milk quality, processability and traceability. As the dairy sector intensifies efforts to enhance product functionality and sustainability, metabolic profiling represents a promising approach to link animal physiology, farming practices and changes occuring during processing.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Aims</h3>\\n \\n <p>This review aimed to collate current knowledge regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the milk metabolome and, as a result, how the milk metabolome impacts milk techno-functionality. This review explores primary production variables, such as diet, breed, environment and management practices, and their effects on milk composition and processability.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>A comprehensive literature review of the subject matter was conducted across relevant studies, selected based on their focus on milk metabolomics in the context of dairy production and processing. Emphasis was placed on publications from 2010 to 2025 to capture recent advances and emerging trends.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Major findings</h3>\\n \\n <p>The milk metabolome is affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including species, breed, diet, stage of lactation and health status, each of which influences nutritional value and processability of milk. As such, several milk metabolites, including choline, acetate and myo-inositol, have been correlated with gelation, a key techno-functional indicator. 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The milk metabolome and its potential utilisation for enhanced dairy processing
Background
Milk metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool in dairy science, offering detailed insight into the molecular composition of milk. Understanding the milk metabolome is increasingly relevant to optimise milk quality, processability and traceability. As the dairy sector intensifies efforts to enhance product functionality and sustainability, metabolic profiling represents a promising approach to link animal physiology, farming practices and changes occuring during processing.
Aims
This review aimed to collate current knowledge regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the milk metabolome and, as a result, how the milk metabolome impacts milk techno-functionality. This review explores primary production variables, such as diet, breed, environment and management practices, and their effects on milk composition and processability.
Methods
A comprehensive literature review of the subject matter was conducted across relevant studies, selected based on their focus on milk metabolomics in the context of dairy production and processing. Emphasis was placed on publications from 2010 to 2025 to capture recent advances and emerging trends.
Major findings
The milk metabolome is affected by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including species, breed, diet, stage of lactation and health status, each of which influences nutritional value and processability of milk. As such, several milk metabolites, including choline, acetate and myo-inositol, have been correlated with gelation, a key techno-functional indicator. Furthermore, some metabolites have been highlighted as biomarkers of cow feeding systems such as hippurate, a biomarker of pasture-based feeding.
Scientific and Industrial Implications
Understanding the determinants and consequences of milk metabolome variations offers new opportunities to improve dairy product quality, tailor processing conditions and support the development of farming and traceability strategies.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Dairy Technology ranks highly among the leading dairy journals published worldwide, and is the flagship of the Society. As indicated in its title, the journal is international in scope.
Published quarterly, International Journal of Dairy Technology contains original papers and review articles covering topics that are at the interface between fundamental dairy research and the practical technological challenges facing the modern dairy industry worldwide. Topics addressed span the full range of dairy technologies, the production of diverse dairy products across the world and the development of dairy ingredients for food applications.
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