Linduo Zhao, Clint M. Arnett, Veronica I. Casey, John W. Scott, Mark A. Davis, Gwenna Heidkamp, Rebekah C. Wilson
{"title":"分析特定挥发性有机化合物的霉菌检测和物种鉴定","authors":"Linduo Zhao, Clint M. Arnett, Veronica I. Casey, John W. Scott, Mark A. Davis, Gwenna Heidkamp, Rebekah C. Wilson","doi":"10.1155/ina/9350601","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mold is found in most indoor environments and is of great concern due to adverse health effects and infrastructure damage it can cause. One key aspect of this growing problem is early detection and localization of mold contamination so appropriate measures can be implemented. In this study, a combination of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), semiquantitative gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 select microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) was used to determine if volatile organic profiling could be used to differentiate between molds grown on various building materials. Briefly, SPME fibers with PDMS/DVB coatings were employed to collect and generate volatile organic profiles of target MVOCs emitted by <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> when grown on two common building materials. The volatile compound extraction and identification method revealed that <i>P. chrysogenum</i> grown on gypsum and <i>A. versicolor</i> grown on pine produced unique MVOC profiles from one another, which indicated species and substrate differentiation could be made based on the volatile organic profiles. Additionally, the production of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and geosmin was found to be specific to <i>P. chrysogenum</i> and <i>A. versicolor</i>, respectively, and therefore could serve as potential biomarkers for screening for the presence of each species. This study suggests profiling select MVOCs is viable for detecting specific hazardous molds when the substrate is known and a streamlined workflow for indoor mold monitoring: initial broad-spectrum GC-MS screening for fungal presence → selected MVOC profiling for species identification → molecular verification of hazardous species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9350601","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Profiling Specific Volatile Organic Compounds for Mold Detection and Species Identification\",\"authors\":\"Linduo Zhao, Clint M. Arnett, Veronica I. Casey, John W. Scott, Mark A. Davis, Gwenna Heidkamp, Rebekah C. Wilson\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/ina/9350601\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Mold is found in most indoor environments and is of great concern due to adverse health effects and infrastructure damage it can cause. One key aspect of this growing problem is early detection and localization of mold contamination so appropriate measures can be implemented. In this study, a combination of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), semiquantitative gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 select microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) was used to determine if volatile organic profiling could be used to differentiate between molds grown on various building materials. Briefly, SPME fibers with PDMS/DVB coatings were employed to collect and generate volatile organic profiles of target MVOCs emitted by <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> when grown on two common building materials. The volatile compound extraction and identification method revealed that <i>P. chrysogenum</i> grown on gypsum and <i>A. versicolor</i> grown on pine produced unique MVOC profiles from one another, which indicated species and substrate differentiation could be made based on the volatile organic profiles. Additionally, the production of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and geosmin was found to be specific to <i>P. chrysogenum</i> and <i>A. versicolor</i>, respectively, and therefore could serve as potential biomarkers for screening for the presence of each species. This study suggests profiling select MVOCs is viable for detecting specific hazardous molds when the substrate is known and a streamlined workflow for indoor mold monitoring: initial broad-spectrum GC-MS screening for fungal presence → selected MVOC profiling for species identification → molecular verification of hazardous species.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13529,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indoor air\",\"volume\":\"2025 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9350601\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indoor air\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ina/9350601\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indoor air","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ina/9350601","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Profiling Specific Volatile Organic Compounds for Mold Detection and Species Identification
Mold is found in most indoor environments and is of great concern due to adverse health effects and infrastructure damage it can cause. One key aspect of this growing problem is early detection and localization of mold contamination so appropriate measures can be implemented. In this study, a combination of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), semiquantitative gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 select microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) was used to determine if volatile organic profiling could be used to differentiate between molds grown on various building materials. Briefly, SPME fibers with PDMS/DVB coatings were employed to collect and generate volatile organic profiles of target MVOCs emitted by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum when grown on two common building materials. The volatile compound extraction and identification method revealed that P. chrysogenum grown on gypsum and A. versicolor grown on pine produced unique MVOC profiles from one another, which indicated species and substrate differentiation could be made based on the volatile organic profiles. Additionally, the production of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and geosmin was found to be specific to P. chrysogenum and A. versicolor, respectively, and therefore could serve as potential biomarkers for screening for the presence of each species. This study suggests profiling select MVOCs is viable for detecting specific hazardous molds when the substrate is known and a streamlined workflow for indoor mold monitoring: initial broad-spectrum GC-MS screening for fungal presence → selected MVOC profiling for species identification → molecular verification of hazardous species.
期刊介绍:
The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health.
Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques.
The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.