Beliefs and perceived benefits and harms of perinatal cannabis use among pre- and post-pregnancy women

Background

Cannabis use in pregnancy is increasing, despite evidence linking perinatal cannabis use (PCU) to maternal and infant health risks. To investigate factors contributing to increasing PCU, this study used qualitative interviews to examine beliefs and perceptions of PCU.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with pre- and post-pregnancy women examined beliefs and perceived benefits and harms of PCU. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a combined inductive/deductive approach. Thematic analysis identified themes related to beliefs, benefits, and harms associated with PCU.

Results

Twenty participants (50 % Black/African-American, 50 % White, 10 % Hispanic/Latina, mean age = 29.8 years) completed the study. Participants held contradictory beliefs about the safety of PCU, expressing ideas about both safety and potential harms. Perceived harms included themes of harm to infant/fetus, harm to pregnant women, and route of administration. Although most (75 %) participants had heard of potential PCU-related harms, participants were unsure about the accuracy of this information. Only one participant experienced PCU-related harm during pregnancy. Almost all (90 %) participants perceived benefits of PCU; these centered on coping with mental health symptoms, alleviation of pregnancy-related symptoms, and improved parenting experiences. Participants felt cannabis was effective in relieving perinatal symptoms of anxiety, depression, nausea, and vomiting.

Conclusions

Perceived benefits and perceptions that PCU is safe may underlie increasing prevalence. However, these beliefs and perceptions are nuanced, and may be influenced more by personal experience than information received about PCU risks. Education addressing pregnant women’s desire for credible, evidence-based information on PCU is crucial to inform decision-making and mitigate potential risks.