通过C─N偶联的电催化尿素合成:催化剂设计和机理的见解

IF 3.9 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
ChemCatChem Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1002/cctc.202500779
Jinjie Zhuang, Jing Song, Wei Shi, Jiaying Tian, Xinxin Kong, Lu Lu, Peiyong Qin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

电催化尿素合成已经成为可持续利用氮和碳的一种有前途的绿色策略,它是通过将CO₂与小氮分子(例如N₂,NO₃⁻,NO₂⁻)结合在温和的条件下形成C─N键来实现的。本文系统综述了近年来电催化尿素合成的研究进展,重点从催化剂设计策略、反应机理和性能优化等方面进行了综述。首先,分析了不同的催化合成方法,如空位工程、杂原子掺杂、晶面工程、原子尺度调制、合金化和异质结构构建,以评估它们对催化活性、选择性和稳定性的影响。然后,讨论了C─N偶联反应的机理,包括关键反应中间体,质子耦合电子转移过程,以及催化活性位点对产物选择性的影响。其次,综述了尿素精确定量的先进表征技术和检测方法。最后,展望了电催化尿素合成的未来挑战和机遇。本文旨在全面了解电催化尿素合成技术,指导高效催化剂的合理设计,从而促进可持续尿素生产的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C─N Coupling: Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights

Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C─N Coupling: Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights

Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C─N Coupling: Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights

Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C─N Coupling: Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis has emerged as a promising green strategy for sustainable nitrogen and carbon utilization, which is achieved by coupling CO₂ with small nitrogenous molecules (e.g., N₂, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻) to form C─N bonds under mild conditions. This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in electrocatalytic urea synthesis, with a focus on catalyst design strategies, reaction mechanisms, and performance optimization. First, diverse catalytic synthesis approaches, such as vacancy engineering, heteroatom doping, crystal facet engineering, atomic-scale modulation, alloying, and heterostructure construction are analyzed to assess their impact on catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. Then, mechanistic insights into C─N coupling reactions are discussed, including key reaction intermediates, proton-coupled electron transfer processes, and the influence of catalytic active sites on product selectivity. Next, advanced characterization techniques and detection methods for the precise quantification of urea are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in electrocatalytic urea synthesis are highlighted. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of electrocatalytic urea synthesis and to guide the rational design of efficient catalysts, thereby accelerating the development of sustainable urea production.

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来源期刊
ChemCatChem
ChemCatChem 化学-物理化学
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
4.40%
发文量
511
审稿时长
1.3 months
期刊介绍: With an impact factor of 4.495 (2018), ChemCatChem is one of the premier journals in the field of catalysis. The journal provides primary research papers and critical secondary information on heterogeneous, homogeneous and bio- and nanocatalysis. The journal is well placed to strengthen cross-communication within between these communities. Its authors and readers come from academia, the chemical industry, and government laboratories across the world. It is published on behalf of Chemistry Europe, an association of 16 European chemical societies, and is supported by the German Catalysis Society.
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