Emerging organic polymers as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries: Mechanism, characteristics, challenges, and strategies

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their abundant reserves of sodium resources and low cost. Organic polymer materials, characterized by their diverse structures, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and design flexibility, are considered promising candidates for energy storage applications. Currently, a wide range of organic polymer electrode materials has been utilized across various metal-ion battery systems. However, the limited intrinsic conductivity, cycling stability, and consistency in preparation of materials have hindered their commercial viability in SIBs. This paper reviews recent advancements in the design and synthesis of organic polymer electrode materials specifically for SIBs. It provides an overview of three typical classes of organic polymer electrodes employed in SIBs while summarizing their classification and energy storage mechanisms. Additionally, it highlights the latest research developments within this field. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges encountered in practical applications as well as strategies aimed at enhancing the battery’s performance. Finally, it summarizes key challenges and future development trends regarding organic polymers as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. It is hoped to offer meaningful guidance for advancing organic electrodes for SIBs.