“我们现在一起生活得很好”:伦理、本体论和他者的面孔

IF 1.1 2区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
Jan David Hauck
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引用次数: 0

摘要

伦理和本体论已成为近年来人类学的突出概念,为各种研究工作提供了信息。尽管他们的方法、议程和关注点不同,但他们对另类和自我与他者之间的关系有着共同的关注:谁是他者?我该如何与他人相处?在与这些问题相关的过程中,本体论问题似乎比伦理问题具有逻辑上的首要地位:毕竟,在与他人建立关系之前,一个人必须将他人理解为一种特殊的存在。但在许多情况下,我们无法确定如何理解我们所面对的另一个人。特别是在殖民或后殖民的背景下,当社会和宇宙秩序变得不稳定时,我们对他人的期望可能与我们对他们的体验发生冲突。本文讨论了一位阿ach长者的叙述,在他的叙述中,他反映了在游牧的阿ach人与巴拉圭定居者接触的暴力时期的这种情况。这个故事讲述了一个白人伐木工死于叙述者之手的故事。虽然从道德上证明了杀戮是正当的,但他也提出了质疑,将其重新定义为一个道德困境。这种困境源于他在看到自己的脸后,对自己是什么样的受害者失去了本体论上的确定性。本文将这一困境与列维纳斯的论点进行了对话,即伦理的为他者存在比本体论的在世界存在具有首要性,后者在面对他者的经验中脱颖而出。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

‘We all live well together now’: Ethics, ontology, and the face of the other
      « Nous vivons bien ensemble maintenant » : éthique, ontologie et visage de l'autre

‘We all live well together now’: Ethics, ontology, and the face of the other
      « Nous vivons bien ensemble maintenant » : éthique, ontologie et visage de l'autre

‘We all live well together now’: Ethics, ontology, and the face of the other
      « Nous vivons bien ensemble maintenant » : éthique, ontologie et visage de l'autre

‘We all live well together now’: Ethics, ontology, and the face of the other
      « Nous vivons bien ensemble maintenant » : éthique, ontologie et visage de l'autre

‘We all live well together now’: Ethics, ontology, and the face of the other « Nous vivons bien ensemble maintenant » : éthique, ontologie et visage de l'autre

Ethics and ontology have become prominent concepts in recent anthropology, informing a variety of research endeavours. Despite their different approaches, agendas, and concerns, they share a central focus on alterity and the relationship between self and other: Who is the other? How should I relate to the other? In relating these concerns, ontological questions would appear to have logical primacy over ethical ones: after all, one must understand the other as a particular kind of being before entering into a relationship with them. But there are many situations in which we cannot be certain how to understand the other we are facing. Especially in the context of colonial or postcolonial encounters, when social and cosmological orders have become unstable, our expectations of who the other is may clash with our experience of them. This paper discusses the narrative of an Aché elder in which he reflects upon such a situation during the violent period when the nomadic Aché came into contact with Paraguayan settlers. The narrative tells the story of the death of a white logger at the narrator's hands. While morally justifying the killing with reference to deforestation and cruelties perpetrated by settlers, he also questions it, reframing it as an ethical dilemma. The dilemma stems from his loss of ontological certainty over what kind of being his victim was after looking into his face. This paper brings this dilemma into conversation with Levinas's argument that the ethical being-for-the-other has primacy over the ontological being-in-the-world, which comes to the fore in the experience of the face of the other.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
8.30%
发文量
175
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute is the principal journal of the oldest anthropological organization in the world. It has attracted and inspired some of the world"s greatest thinkers. International in scope, it presents accessible papers aimed at a broad anthropological readership. It is also acclaimed for its extensive book review section, and it publishes a bibliography of books received.
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