Methods of Introducing Deuterium and Tritium into Biologically Active Preparations

Using of isotopic compounds is a fundamental methodology for conducting biological and medical research. Investigations in this area is necessary for developing new medicines, including deuterated compounds, which can be used directly as medicines. The application of liquid-phase and solid-phase methods for introducing hydrogen isotopes into organic compounds is considered. It has been shown that using of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts to activate isotope exchange makes it possible to obtain preparations with a high deuterium and tritium content. Nanocatalysts, in which both metals and their carriers can exist in a nanoform, have made a great contribution to the successful application of these methods. Special attention is paid to the patterns associated with the interphase transfer of activated isotope particles and their spillover effects on the label incorporation and distribution in organic molecules.