A ternary SnSb/P/EG composite anode enables high-rate capability and stable low-temperature cycling for Lithium storage

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face challenges in low-temperature environments, including hindered lithium-ion transport, poor capacity retention and inadequate charging capability. The limited capacity (372 mAh g⁻¹) and suboptimal low-temperature performance of graphite anode restricts the broader application of LIBs across various fields. Herein, a SnSb/P/EG composite anode material was prepared via a simple ball-milling method. The SnSb/P/EG composite anode delivers a high specific capacity of 815 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹and 544 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹ under 30 °C. Notably, under −30 °C, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 643 mAh g⁻¹ with a high retention of 91.5 % after 100 cycles. Its exceptional low-temperature performance is attributed to enhanced pseudocapacitive characteristics and the enhanced reaction kinetics in the amorphous Li-alloys in the ternary composite, offering novel insights for the design of LIBs anode materials for low-temperature applications.