Victoria R. Dutch, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Alizée Roobaert, Peter Landschützer, Nicholas P. Roden, Mario Hoppema, Jan Kaiser
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(2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359; Self Organizing Map—Feed Forward Network) to improve region-specific reconstructions of the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (<span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>p</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $p$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>(<span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>)) in the Arctic Ocean and subsequently estimate the air-sea <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> flux. Our study shows that biogeochemical properties previously selected as predictor variables for <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>p</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $p$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>(<span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>) at the global scale are not well suited to the Arctic Ocean and a sensitivity study reveals large differences in the size of the Arctic Ocean carbon sink depending on the choice of air-sea <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> flux parameterization. This is most acute for those relating to sea ice cover, leading to a difference of up to 25 % (9.2–13.3 Pg C) in the total size of the Arctic Ocean carbon sink over the 32-year duration of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"39 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GB008576","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Arctic Ocean CO2 Sink: Trends, Uncertainties, and the Impact of Sea Ice\",\"authors\":\"Victoria R. Dutch, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Alizée Roobaert, Peter Landschützer, Nicholas P. Roden, Mario Hoppema, Jan Kaiser\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2025GB008576\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The Arctic Ocean covers 3 % of the Earth's surface but is estimated to contribute 5–14 % to the global ocean carbon sink. Sparse and unevenly distributed observations complicate our understanding of the size and the controlling mechanisms of this carbon sink. We adopt and advance the two-step neural network approach of Landschützer et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359; Self Organizing Map—Feed Forward Network) to improve region-specific reconstructions of the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (<span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $p$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>(<span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>)) in the Arctic Ocean and subsequently estimate the air-sea <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> flux. Our study shows that biogeochemical properties previously selected as predictor variables for <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $p$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>(<span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>) at the global scale are not well suited to the Arctic Ocean and a sensitivity study reveals large differences in the size of the Arctic Ocean carbon sink depending on the choice of air-sea <span></span><math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>CO</mtext>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> flux parameterization. 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The Arctic Ocean CO2 Sink: Trends, Uncertainties, and the Impact of Sea Ice
The Arctic Ocean covers 3 % of the Earth's surface but is estimated to contribute 5–14 % to the global ocean carbon sink. Sparse and unevenly distributed observations complicate our understanding of the size and the controlling mechanisms of this carbon sink. We adopt and advance the two-step neural network approach of Landschützer et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359; Self Organizing Map—Feed Forward Network) to improve region-specific reconstructions of the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (()) in the Arctic Ocean and subsequently estimate the air-sea flux. Our study shows that biogeochemical properties previously selected as predictor variables for () at the global scale are not well suited to the Arctic Ocean and a sensitivity study reveals large differences in the size of the Arctic Ocean carbon sink depending on the choice of air-sea flux parameterization. This is most acute for those relating to sea ice cover, leading to a difference of up to 25 % (9.2–13.3 Pg C) in the total size of the Arctic Ocean carbon sink over the 32-year duration of the study.
期刊介绍:
Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC) features research on regional to global biogeochemical interactions, as well as more local studies that demonstrate fundamental implications for biogeochemical processing at regional or global scales. Published papers draw on a wide array of methods and knowledge and extend in time from the deep geologic past to recent historical and potential future interactions. This broad scope includes studies that elucidate human activities as interactive components of biogeochemical cycles and physical Earth Systems including climate. Authors are required to make their work accessible to a broad interdisciplinary range of scientists.