Stefano Radrizzani;Giulio Panzani;Sergio M. Savaresi
{"title":"电动自行车串联配置的舒适性能量管理及实验验证","authors":"Stefano Radrizzani;Giulio Panzani;Sergio M. Savaresi","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2025.3545346","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Given the intrinsic hybrid nature of electric bikes (e-bikes), they call for energy management strategies (EMSs), to optimize the energy and power flows in the vehicle. The additional challenge in e-bikes, compared to traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), is having a human power source. Specifically, human power cannot be directly controlled and his/her energy consumption cannot be easily measured or estimated. In this work, we address the energy management for a series-parallel bike, focusing in particular on the series architecture. In detail, we propose a comfort-oriented EMS able to indirectly control the human power to make the cyclist ride close to his/her preferred operating point. Toward this aim, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is properly extended, to deal with this unique scenario. The solution is implemented on the vehicle control unit (VCU); therefore, the effectiveness of the ECMS-based energy management is proven through an experimental validation when the rider is present in the loop. Results show how the cyclist’s operating point is indirectly affected by the behavior of the proposed EMS keeping it close to the preferred operating point.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 5","pages":"1560-1571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comfort-Oriented Energy Management for an e-Bike in Series Configuration With Experimental Validation\",\"authors\":\"Stefano Radrizzani;Giulio Panzani;Sergio M. Savaresi\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/TCST.2025.3545346\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Given the intrinsic hybrid nature of electric bikes (e-bikes), they call for energy management strategies (EMSs), to optimize the energy and power flows in the vehicle. The additional challenge in e-bikes, compared to traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), is having a human power source. Specifically, human power cannot be directly controlled and his/her energy consumption cannot be easily measured or estimated. In this work, we address the energy management for a series-parallel bike, focusing in particular on the series architecture. In detail, we propose a comfort-oriented EMS able to indirectly control the human power to make the cyclist ride close to his/her preferred operating point. Toward this aim, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is properly extended, to deal with this unique scenario. The solution is implemented on the vehicle control unit (VCU); therefore, the effectiveness of the ECMS-based energy management is proven through an experimental validation when the rider is present in the loop. Results show how the cyclist’s operating point is indirectly affected by the behavior of the proposed EMS keeping it close to the preferred operating point.\",\"PeriodicalId\":13103,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology\",\"volume\":\"33 5\",\"pages\":\"1560-1571\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"94\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10909985/\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"计算机科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10909985/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comfort-Oriented Energy Management for an e-Bike in Series Configuration With Experimental Validation
Given the intrinsic hybrid nature of electric bikes (e-bikes), they call for energy management strategies (EMSs), to optimize the energy and power flows in the vehicle. The additional challenge in e-bikes, compared to traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), is having a human power source. Specifically, human power cannot be directly controlled and his/her energy consumption cannot be easily measured or estimated. In this work, we address the energy management for a series-parallel bike, focusing in particular on the series architecture. In detail, we propose a comfort-oriented EMS able to indirectly control the human power to make the cyclist ride close to his/her preferred operating point. Toward this aim, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is properly extended, to deal with this unique scenario. The solution is implemented on the vehicle control unit (VCU); therefore, the effectiveness of the ECMS-based energy management is proven through an experimental validation when the rider is present in the loop. Results show how the cyclist’s operating point is indirectly affected by the behavior of the proposed EMS keeping it close to the preferred operating point.
期刊介绍:
The IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology publishes high quality technical papers on technological advances in control engineering. The word technology is from the Greek technologia. The modern meaning is a scientific method to achieve a practical purpose. Control Systems Technology includes all aspects of control engineering needed to implement practical control systems, from analysis and design, through simulation and hardware. A primary purpose of the IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology is to have an archival publication which will bridge the gap between theory and practice. Papers are published in the IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology which disclose significant new knowledge, exploratory developments, or practical applications in all aspects of technology needed to implement control systems, from analysis and design through simulation, and hardware.