Dose-dependent toxicological profiling of large-sized ZnO and Co-ZnO nanoparticles: Renal and hepatic implications in Balb/c mice

Objective

The current study investigated the nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of large-sized zinc oxide nanoparticles [(ZnO) (93 nm)] and cobalt-doped zinc oxide [(Co-ZnO) (90 nm)] in Balb/c mice.

Method

Both the nanoparticles were administered intraperitoneally at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days, followed by biochemical and histopathological evaluations.

Results

Co-ZnO at 200 mg/kg induced significant hepatic toxicity, as evidenced by elevated ALP, AST, and ALT levels (p < 0.01) and histopathological alterations. In contrast, renal function remained unaffected across all doses, as determined by stable creatinine levels and unremarkable kidney histology. Lower doses of both nanoparticles did not result in significant toxicity or behavioral changes.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that large-sized ZnO and Co-ZnO exhibit a favorable safety profile at moderate doses but are toxic at higher concentrations. Future studies are needed to explore clinical applicability and long-term effects in nanomedicine.