Determinants of bone mineral density in Vietnamese adults: A multifactorial analysis

Background

Bone mineral density (BMD) is demonstrated to be affected by many factors. This study aims to elucidate the relationships between BMI, socioeconomic, biochemical factors and BMD at the spine, hip, and femoral neck sites in Vietnamese adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 women and 90 men. BMD was measured at three skeletal sites by DXA. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess the independent associations of the aforementioned factors with BMD, adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results

Higher BMI positively correlated with BMD at all three skeletal sites in women while only shown at the hip (beta=0.016, p<0.001) and femoral neck (beta=0.013, p<0.001) in men. The relation between higher BMI and women spine BMD becomes non-linear after adjusting by relevant confounders (p<0.05). Older age was positively associated with women spine BMD (beta=0.003, p<0.001), and spine (beta=0.004, p<0.05) and femoral neck BMD (beta=0.003, p<0.05) in men. Higher calcium/vitamin D3 were positively associated with women spine BMD and men hip BMD (p<0.05). Higher serum zinc showed a negative association with spine BMD in both genders, women hip BMD (beta=−0.011, p=0.022) and men femoral neck BMD (beta=−0.007, p=0.05).

Conclusion

Higher BMI consistently correlated with greater BMD, especially at the hip and femoral neck, in both sexes. Age and calcium/vitamin D3 showed positive associations with BMD at specific sites while higher serum zinc was negatively associated with BMD in both genders. These findings underscore the multifaceted influences on bone health in Vietnamese adults, necessitating longitudinal studies.