Unveiling the potential benefits of statins in medulloblastoma treatment: A promising therapeutic approach

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the predominant malignant brain tumor in children, known for its tendency to spread and reoccur. Although current treatment methods, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are used in combination, the chances of survival are not as great as desired, especially for individuals at high risk. Moreover, traditional treatments are linked to significant and lasting neurocognitive and endocrine adverse reactions, highlighting the necessity for more efficient and less harmful treatment approaches. Statins, which are commonly used drugs for reducing cholesterol levels, have received much interest because of their pleiotropic effects, which may include possible anticancer qualities. Preclinical investigations have shown that statins can hinder the growth and multiplication of MB cells by targeting the mevalonate system, triggering apoptosis, and regulating cellular signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis. Statins have demonstrated potential in specifically targeting the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup of MB, characterized by abnormal activation of the Hedgehog signaling system. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that statins with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs or targeted therapies can enhance their anticancer effects and overcome resistance mechanisms. This study thoroughly debates the possible advantages of statins in treating MB, including their mechanisms of action and the implications for future therapeutic approaches. This review examines the impact of statins on tumor growth, apoptosis induction, chemosensitivity enhancement, and tumor recurrence reduction. It emphasizes the potential of repurposing these well-established medications for treating this severe pediatric cancer.