Spatio-temporal patterns of tourist flow can effectively illustrate the movements of tourists and play an important role in guiding the planning and management of tourist destinations. This study proposes a novel multi-scale analytical framework that combines spatio-temporal analysis and social network analysis to examine these patterns in Tibet, based on digital footprint data. Results revealed that tourist flows in Tibet exhibit a distinct hub-and-spoke pattern, characterized by high-frequency corridors connecting major destinations. Seasonal fluctuations are notable, with visitor volumes peaking in the third quarter and declining sharply during winter, especially in remote areas. Social network analysis identified prominent core nodes, Potala Palace, Namtso Lake, and Barkhor Street, serving as central hubs with strong radiative influence. In contrast, edge nodes attract more specialized tourist segments. This core–periphery structure underscores the spatial imbalance in tourism resource distribution, offering critical insights for targeted regional planning and balanced tourism development. These insights have practical applications in tourism planning in Tibet, thereby providing indispensable support for the sustainable development of tourism in plateau regions.