Fundamentals of Nanopower Analog Circuits: Essential linear and duty-cycled circuits for ultralow power designs

With the rising interest in edge computing and the addition of artificial intelligence/machine learning functionality, nanopower circuits are in great demand to reduce the quiescent power consumption of remote sensors. Due to limited battery size, nanopower circuits are important to extend lifetime. In this article, fundamental building blocks for nanopower circuits are covered, including startupless low-voltage references, low-frequency clocks, and LDO regulators.