Engineering of DNA nanostructure-based artificial cells for biosensing applications

With its unique binding specificity and thermodynamic characteristics, DNA nanostructures have been proposed as building blocks and functional elements for artificial cells, thereby empowering them with advanced functions in biosensing. This review focuses on the development of artificial cells based on DNA nanostructures and their applications in biosensing. The precise DNA self-assembly capability enables the DNA nanostructure-based artificial cells with accurate recognition of complex biomolecules, while the dynamic response design can realize targets monitoring and outputs signals in real time. The good biocompatibility and bionic membrane structure make the DNA nanostructure-based artificial cells suitable for living environments, providing a sensitive and intelligent new sensing platform. We expect that the related technological advances will significantly expand the scope of the application of DNA artificial cells in the biosensing field, enabling them to meet the needs of life health and social challenges with greater precision and efficiency.