Phytochemical composition and pharmacological benefits of Majuphal

Quercus infectoria galls, traditionally known as Manjakani, have been extensively used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine for centuries due to their potent therapeutic properties. Rich in bioactive compounds particularly tannins (up to 70 %), flavonoids, gallic acid, and ellagic acid these galls exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. They are widely recognized for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and astringent effects. Traditionally employed in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, and women’s reproductive health (especially postpartum care), Q. infectoria galls have recently gained scientific validation for additional therapeutic benefits.

Modern pharmacological studies highlight their efficacy in managing diabetes, arthritis, and fungal infections. Their anti-diabetic action is primarily attributed to the inhibition of key enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, aiding in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the galls demonstrate neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties exerting effects through mechanisms such as apoptosis induction and inhibition of tumor-associated pathways. This review explores the phytochemical profile and diverse pharmacological actions of Quercus infectoria galls, emphasizing their potential as a natural therapeutic agent in both traditional and modern medicine.