Salman Ahmad, Khursheed Muzammil, Saba Siddiqui, Fazil Hasan
{"title":"推荐杀虫剂对棉铃虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）抗性发展、交叉抗性模式和潜在机制的再评价。","authors":"Salman Ahmad, Khursheed Muzammil, Saba Siddiqui, Fazil Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02948-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of insecticide resistance threatens biodiversity and agricultural sustainability as insects develop mechanisms like enhanced detoxification to withstand toxic exposures. This study assessed resistance levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from various regions of India to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and investigated the role of detoxification enzymes in resistance. Field populations showed variable susceptibility, with negligible resistance to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and spinetoram. Among the tested H. armigera populations, the MaY strain exhibited the highest resistance levels, especially to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR = 45.05), while the KaB and AnN strains showed moderate resistance, and the UtJ, MaS, and RaJ strains remained largely susceptible. Cross-resistance analysis revealed strong resistance in the MaY strain to pyrethroids (RR = 41.06-48.06) but negligible cross-resistance to diamides and broflanilide (RR ≈ 1), with heatmap correlations confirming class-specific resistance patterns. Synergist bioassays showed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) significantly increased lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity in the MaY strain (up to 9.44-fold), highlighting the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP-450) and carboxylesterases (CarE) in metabolic resistance. Detoxification enzyme activity varied significantly between body tissues, with the fat-body showing the highest CYP-450 and CarE levels in the resistant MaY strain. Synergist treatment markedly reduced these activities (Synergistic ratio up to 6.85), especially in fat-bodies, indicating their major role in metabolic resistance. These findings emphasize the urgent need for region-specific resistance monitoring and the integration of synergists and insecticides with novel modes of action to sustain effective control of H. armigera and delay resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Re-evaluation of recommended insecticides for resistance development, cross-resistance pattern, and underlying mechanisms in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).\",\"authors\":\"Salman Ahmad, Khursheed Muzammil, Saba Siddiqui, Fazil Hasan\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10646-025-02948-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The rise of insecticide resistance threatens biodiversity and agricultural sustainability as insects develop mechanisms like enhanced detoxification to withstand toxic exposures. This study assessed resistance levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from various regions of India to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and investigated the role of detoxification enzymes in resistance. Field populations showed variable susceptibility, with negligible resistance to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and spinetoram. Among the tested H. armigera populations, the MaY strain exhibited the highest resistance levels, especially to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR = 45.05), while the KaB and AnN strains showed moderate resistance, and the UtJ, MaS, and RaJ strains remained largely susceptible. Cross-resistance analysis revealed strong resistance in the MaY strain to pyrethroids (RR = 41.06-48.06) but negligible cross-resistance to diamides and broflanilide (RR ≈ 1), with heatmap correlations confirming class-specific resistance patterns. Synergist bioassays showed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) significantly increased lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity in the MaY strain (up to 9.44-fold), highlighting the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP-450) and carboxylesterases (CarE) in metabolic resistance. Detoxification enzyme activity varied significantly between body tissues, with the fat-body showing the highest CYP-450 and CarE levels in the resistant MaY strain. Synergist treatment markedly reduced these activities (Synergistic ratio up to 6.85), especially in fat-bodies, indicating their major role in metabolic resistance. These findings emphasize the urgent need for region-specific resistance monitoring and the integration of synergists and insecticides with novel modes of action to sustain effective control of H. armigera and delay resistance development.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11497,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecotoxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecotoxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02948-y\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecotoxicology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02948-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Re-evaluation of recommended insecticides for resistance development, cross-resistance pattern, and underlying mechanisms in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
The rise of insecticide resistance threatens biodiversity and agricultural sustainability as insects develop mechanisms like enhanced detoxification to withstand toxic exposures. This study assessed resistance levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from various regions of India to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and investigated the role of detoxification enzymes in resistance. Field populations showed variable susceptibility, with negligible resistance to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and spinetoram. Among the tested H. armigera populations, the MaY strain exhibited the highest resistance levels, especially to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR = 45.05), while the KaB and AnN strains showed moderate resistance, and the UtJ, MaS, and RaJ strains remained largely susceptible. Cross-resistance analysis revealed strong resistance in the MaY strain to pyrethroids (RR = 41.06-48.06) but negligible cross-resistance to diamides and broflanilide (RR ≈ 1), with heatmap correlations confirming class-specific resistance patterns. Synergist bioassays showed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) significantly increased lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity in the MaY strain (up to 9.44-fold), highlighting the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP-450) and carboxylesterases (CarE) in metabolic resistance. Detoxification enzyme activity varied significantly between body tissues, with the fat-body showing the highest CYP-450 and CarE levels in the resistant MaY strain. Synergist treatment markedly reduced these activities (Synergistic ratio up to 6.85), especially in fat-bodies, indicating their major role in metabolic resistance. These findings emphasize the urgent need for region-specific resistance monitoring and the integration of synergists and insecticides with novel modes of action to sustain effective control of H. armigera and delay resistance development.
期刊介绍：
Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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