Clinical characteristics of simple bone cyst associated within florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a meta-analysis.

Background: The objectives of this study were to better understand the association between simple bone cysts (SBC) diagnosed within florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) by systematically reviewing the literature with a meta-analysis. This review allows us to study the epidemiology, characteristics, treatments, and follow-up of the association between these two entities.

Material and methods: A systematic review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, Embase and Google Scholar. Articles reporting primary studies, case reports and case series were included. We reviewed all articles between 1976 and November 2024. Recorded data were patient's characteristics, clinical and radiological features, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The meta-analysis was performed for the prevalence of the localization of SBC associated FCOD and the number of SBC lesions within FCOD.

Results: A total of 615 studies were assessed for eligibility by reading titles and abstracts. Finally, 16 articles were included, with 51 patients presenting SBC associated with FCOD. Patients were mostly women (92%) with most of an African origin (81,25% ). The mean age was 41-year-old. The usual treatment for the cyst was surgical exploration with bleeding stimulation to improve healing. After surgical procedure, a majority of the followed-up cases healed completely (52%) or partially (32%). Eight cases reported a recurrence during the mean follow-up period of 6,6 years.

Conclusions: SBC and FCOD are two conditions which can be rarely associated. This may be under-diagnosed as SBC can be misdiagnosed as part of the FCOD lesions. This review highlights the similar clinical characteristics to FCOD which makes important to find out more clinical and radiographic diagnosis criteria to better diagnose and provide the adequate treatment to obtain bone healing.