Stepan Poluianov, Alexander Mishev, Olga Kryakunova, Botakoz Seifullina, Nikolay Nikolayevskiy, Ilya Usoskin
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GLEs are rare, with only 73 events registered from 1942 to 2023, and three more GLEs 74 – 76 occurred in 2024, close to the maximum of solar activity. In this work, we report GLE 75 that happened on 8 June 2024, initially missed during real-time monitoring, but identified retrospectively. The SEP event, which induced the GLE, was associated with a flare from the solar active region 13697 (13664 on the previous solar rotation). It caused statistically significant increases in the count rate of NMs Dome C, South Pole, and Peawanuck, as well as in the proton intensity measured by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-16. 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It caused statistically significant increases in the count rate of NMs Dome C, South Pole, and Peawanuck, as well as in the proton intensity measured by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-16. Here, we show the GLE in NM data, describe the procedure of evaluation of its statistical significance, and present the analysis with reconstruction of the spectral and angular SEP distributions.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":777,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Solar Physics\",\"volume\":\"300 8\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02518-9.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Solar Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02518-9\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02518-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
太阳爆发事件,如耀斑和日冕物质抛射,可以将带电粒子加速到接近相对论的能量,产生所谓的太阳高能粒子(sep)。其中一些sep可以向地球传播,并被卫星上的粒子探测器等记录下来。有利的加速条件使得高能质子(> 500 MeV)的高通量强SEP事件成为可能,即使在地面上,中子监测器(NMs)也可以在背景上快速增强计数率,从而记录下强SEP事件。这样的事件相应地被称为地面增强(gle)。gle非常罕见,从1942年到2023年只记录了73次,另外3次gle 74 - 76发生在2024年,接近太阳活动的最大值。在这项工作中,我们报告了发生在2024年6月8日的GLE 75,最初在实时监测中错过,但回顾性地发现了它。引起GLE的SEP事件与来自太阳活动区13697的耀斑有关(13664是上一次太阳旋转)。它使NMs Dome C、South Pole和Peawanuck的计数率以及地球静止业务环境卫星GOES-16测量的质子强度在统计上显著增加。在这里,我们展示了NM数据中的GLE,描述了其统计显著性的评估过程,并通过光谱和角SEP分布的重建进行了分析。
Ground-Level Enhancement of 8 June 2024 (GLE 75) Caused by Solar Energetic Particles
Solar eruptive events such as flares and coronal mass ejections can accelerate charged particles up to nearly relativistic energies producing so-called solar energetic particles (SEPs). Some of those SEPs can propagate towards Earth and be registered by, e.g., particle detectors onboard satellites. Favourable acceleration conditions make strong SEP events possible with a high flux of high-energy (> 500 MeV) protons, which can be registered even on the ground by neutron monitors (NMs) as rapid enhancements of their count rate over the background. Such events are accordingly called ground-level enhancements (GLEs). GLEs are rare, with only 73 events registered from 1942 to 2023, and three more GLEs 74 – 76 occurred in 2024, close to the maximum of solar activity. In this work, we report GLE 75 that happened on 8 June 2024, initially missed during real-time monitoring, but identified retrospectively. The SEP event, which induced the GLE, was associated with a flare from the solar active region 13697 (13664 on the previous solar rotation). It caused statistically significant increases in the count rate of NMs Dome C, South Pole, and Peawanuck, as well as in the proton intensity measured by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-16. Here, we show the GLE in NM data, describe the procedure of evaluation of its statistical significance, and present the analysis with reconstruction of the spectral and angular SEP distributions.
期刊介绍:
Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.