Lu Wan, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Mary E Crisafio, George Grove, Regina L Leckie, Thomas W Kamarck, Chaeryon Kang, Mia DeCataldo, Anna L Marsland, Matthew F Muldoon, Mark R Scudder, Javier Rasero, Peter J Gianaros, Kirk I Erickson
{"title":"健身和运动对脑年龄的影响:一项随机临床试验。","authors":"Lu Wan, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Mary E Crisafio, George Grove, Regina L Leckie, Thomas W Kamarck, Chaeryon Kang, Mia DeCataldo, Anna L Marsland, Matthew F Muldoon, Mark R Scudder, Javier Rasero, Peter J Gianaros, Kirk I Erickson","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101079","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Midlife lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are associated with late-life brain health, yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-blind, 12-month randomized clinical trial, 130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group. The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week. Brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and completers analyses (including participants who completed post-intervention assessments) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 130 participants (67.7% female) had an age of 41.28 ± 9.93) years (mean ± SD). At baseline, higher CRF (peak oxygen uptake, VO<sub>2peak</sub>) was associated with smaller brain-PAD (β = -0.309, p = 0.012). After the intervention, the exercise group showed a decrease in brain-PAD (estimated mean difference (EMD) = -0.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -1.15 to -0.04; p = 0.034) compared to the control group (EMD = 0.35; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.92; p = 0.217); time × group interaction (between-group difference [BGD] = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.72 to -0.17; p = 0.019). VO<sub>2peak</sub> improved in the exercise group (EMD = 1.60; 95% CI: 0.29-2.90; p = 0.017) compared to the control group (EMD = -0.78; 95% CI: -2.17 to 0.60; p = 0.265); time × group interaction (BGD = 2.38; 95% CI: 0.52-4.25; p = 0.015). Body composition, blood pressure, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected. None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD. The results from completers were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults. The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101079"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fitness and exercise effects on brain age: A randomized clinical trial.\",\"authors\":\"Lu Wan, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Mary E Crisafio, George Grove, Regina L Leckie, Thomas W Kamarck, Chaeryon Kang, Mia DeCataldo, Anna L Marsland, Matthew F Muldoon, Mark R Scudder, Javier Rasero, Peter J Gianaros, Kirk I Erickson\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101079\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Midlife lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are associated with late-life brain health, yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-blind, 12-month randomized clinical trial, 130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group. The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week. Brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and completers analyses (including participants who completed post-intervention assessments) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 130 participants (67.7% female) had an age of 41.28 ± 9.93) years (mean ± SD). At baseline, higher CRF (peak oxygen uptake, VO<sub>2peak</sub>) was associated with smaller brain-PAD (β = -0.309, p = 0.012). After the intervention, the exercise group showed a decrease in brain-PAD (estimated mean difference (EMD) = -0.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -1.15 to -0.04; p = 0.034) compared to the control group (EMD = 0.35; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.92; p = 0.217); time × group interaction (between-group difference [BGD] = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.72 to -0.17; p = 0.019). VO<sub>2peak</sub> improved in the exercise group (EMD = 1.60; 95% CI: 0.29-2.90; p = 0.017) compared to the control group (EMD = -0.78; 95% CI: -2.17 to 0.60; p = 0.265); time × group interaction (BGD = 2.38; 95% CI: 0.52-4.25; p = 0.015). Body composition, blood pressure, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected. None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD. The results from completers were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults. The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48897,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Sport and Health Science\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"101079\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Sport and Health Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101079\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101079","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
Fitness and exercise effects on brain age: A randomized clinical trial.
Background: Midlife lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are associated with late-life brain health, yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.
Methods: In a single-blind, 12-month randomized clinical trial, 130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group. The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week. Brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and completers analyses (including participants who completed post-intervention assessments) were performed.
Results: The 130 participants (67.7% female) had an age of 41.28 ± 9.93) years (mean ± SD). At baseline, higher CRF (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) was associated with smaller brain-PAD (β = -0.309, p = 0.012). After the intervention, the exercise group showed a decrease in brain-PAD (estimated mean difference (EMD) = -0.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -1.15 to -0.04; p = 0.034) compared to the control group (EMD = 0.35; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.92; p = 0.217); time × group interaction (between-group difference [BGD] = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.72 to -0.17; p = 0.019). VO2peak improved in the exercise group (EMD = 1.60; 95% CI: 0.29-2.90; p = 0.017) compared to the control group (EMD = -0.78; 95% CI: -2.17 to 0.60; p = 0.265); time × group interaction (BGD = 2.38; 95% CI: 0.52-4.25; p = 0.015). Body composition, blood pressure, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected. None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD. The results from completers were similar.
Conclusion: Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults. The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Sport and Health Science (JSHS) is an international, multidisciplinary journal that aims to advance the fields of sport, exercise, physical activity, and health sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport, JSHS is dedicated to promoting original and impactful research, as well as topical reviews, editorials, opinions, and commentary papers.
With a focus on physical and mental health, injury and disease prevention, traditional Chinese exercise, and human performance, JSHS offers a platform for scholars and researchers to share their findings and contribute to the advancement of these fields. Our journal is peer-reviewed, ensuring that all published works meet the highest academic standards.
Supported by a carefully selected international editorial board, JSHS upholds impeccable integrity and provides an efficient publication platform. We invite submissions from scholars and researchers worldwide, and we are committed to disseminating insightful and influential research in the field of sport and health science.