Delivering psychosocial support to family caregivers of cancer patients: Insights from Iranian psychosocial oncology professionals and family caregivers highlighting the need for change.

Objectives: Supporting a family member with cancer poses significant challenges for family caregivers, who have unmet supportive care needs. Psychosocial oncology professionals (PSOP) are often the primary source of support for cancer caregivers in Iran. Given the lack of supportive care resources, innovative strategies are needed to support caregivers. This study explores the views of PSOP and caregivers regarding the challenges, potential solutions, and the role of digital technologies in supporting caregivers.

Methods: Employing a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted individual interviews and focus groups with 30 participants (15 PSOPs and 15 caregivers), recruited from five settings in Tehran, Iran(2023-2024). All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: PSOP identified challenges in delivering psychosocial care to caregivers , including inconsistency, uncertainty, and fragmented use of technology. Their recommendations included flexible psychosocial care via blended multi-modal digital technologies, professional development opportunities, and formal recognition and integration within the oncology setting. Caregivers experiencing frustration with the healthcare system expressed a need for family-centered care, flexible psychosocial care, and organized peer support networks.

Significance of results: Current psychosocial care in Iran is insufficient and misaligned with the preferences of PSOP and caregivers. PSOP and caregivers advocate for flexible psychosocial care through blended digital strategies. Public health strategists in Iran, as a low-resource setting with a family-centered context, should optimize resource utilization by prioritizing the training of PSOP, developing blended digital interventions, and leveraging trained peers to provide navigation and support to families, thereby easing the PSOP workload.