干细胞治疗1型糖尿病的研究进展

IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Riccardo Calafiore
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尸体分离的人供体胰岛的有限可用性严重限制了胰岛细胞移植临床试验的进展。此外,宿主的一般药理学免疫抑制是保证人类胰岛移植物存活和功能的必要条件。前者要求对胰岛素生成细胞的新来源进行验证。后者需要新的策略来规避一般免疫抑制剂的使用。这些问题的一个可能的解决方案可能包括使用人类干细胞,其可用性是不确定的,适合于两者,分化为内分泌细胞表型,并通过遗传操作来改变免疫原性。多能性人类干细胞,无论是源自囊胚的胚胎干细胞(ESCs),还是源自成人体细胞的人工诱导多能性干细胞(iPSCs),或者最终是多能性成人间充质干细胞(MSCs),都可以考虑。间充质干细胞更难以转化为β样细胞,但它们具有强大的免疫调节特性,并且不会引起伦理问题。在伦理接受度(ESCs)和技术可行性(iPSCs)方面,ESCs和iPSCs都显示出各自的优缺点,以及悬而未决的免疫问题,这些问题可能会通过基因编辑操作来减轻,使细胞“免疫逃避”。在免疫抑制的T1D患者中使用ESCs或iPSCs进行的早期中试临床试验表明,高血糖可以逆转,尽管挑战仍然存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Developing Stem Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Developing Stem Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The restricted availability of cadaveric isolated human donor islets sharply limits progress in clinical trials of islet cell transplantation. Furthermore, the host's general pharmacologic immunosuppression is invariably needed to grant survival and function of the human islet grafts. The former mandates validation of new sources of insulin producing cells. The latter requires new strategies to circumvent use of general immunosuppressive agents. A possible solution to these problems could consist using of human stem cells, whose availability is indefinite, that are suitable for both, differentiation into endocrine cell phenotypes, and genetic manipulations to alter immunogenicity. Pluripotent human stem cells, either embryonic (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst, or those originating from adult somatic cells, artificially induced to pluripotency (iPSCs), or finally, multipotent human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be considered. MSCs are more difficult to trans-differentiate into Beta-like cells, but they hold powerful immunoregulatory properties, and do not pose ethical problems. Both ESCs and iPSCs show pro's and con's, in terms of ethical acceptance (ESCs), and technical feasibility (iPSCs), with the pending immune problems, that might be attenuated by gene editing manoeuvres to render the cells ‘immune evasive’. Early pilot clinical trials with either ESCs or iPSCs in immunosuppressed T1D patients showed that hyperglycemia can be reversed, although challenges remain.

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来源期刊
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
17.20
自引率
2.50%
发文量
84
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews is a premier endocrinology and metabolism journal esteemed by clinicians and researchers alike. Encompassing a wide spectrum of topics including diabetes, endocrinology, metabolism, and obesity, the journal eagerly accepts submissions ranging from clinical studies to basic and translational research, as well as reviews exploring historical progress, controversial issues, and prominent opinions in the field. Join us in advancing knowledge and understanding in the realm of diabetes and metabolism.
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