A study on the influence of temperature on the output parameters of silicon heterojunction solar cells

This work is devoted to the investigation of the influence of temperature on the output parameters of heterojunction solar cells based on n-type crystalline silicon in the range of 173–373 K under AM0 spectrum (136.7 mW/cm²). Experimental results revealed an s-shaped light current–voltage characteristics near the open-circuit voltage at low temperatures, which leads to a reduction in fill factor and conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells. The short-circuit current density was found to increase linearly with temperature, exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient of + 0.055%/K. The temperature dependence of the open-circuit voltage displayed more complex behavior: Its value decreased slowly between 173 K and 233 K, followed by a linear decrease at a higher rate above 233 K, characterized by a negative temperature coefficient of− 0.23%/K. The theoretically derived temperature dependence of the open-circuit voltage showed good agreement with the experimental data. Both the maximum output power and conversion efficiency of the heterojunction solar cells initially increased linearly with rising temperature from 173 K, reaching peak values of 25.2 mW/cm² and 18.53% at 233 K. However, with further temperature increase up to 373 K, both parameters decreased linearly. The maximum output power of the heterojunction solar cells exhibited two different negative temperature coefficients: − 0.15%/K in the range of 173–233 K and − 0.31%/K in the range of 273–373 K.