Citizens' Adoption of E-Government in Türkiye: Extending the UMEGA

The utilization of e-government services has been steadily increasing in tandem with the expansion of available offerings. This trend highlights the growing importance of understanding the factors that shape the adoption of such services, particularly in developing nations. To investigate this phenomenon, this study applied the Unified Model of E-Government Adoption (UMEGA), augmented with constructs related to trust in government and perceived service quality, to examine the adoption behavior of Turkish citizens. Data were collected from 558 respondents in Türkiye and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence positively influenced citizens' attitudes toward e-government, whereas perceived risk had a negative effect. Additionally, facilitating conditions, attitudes, perceived service quality, and trust in government were significant predictors of behavioral intentions to use e-government services. This research confirms the applicability of an extended UMEGA framework in understanding citizens' adoption intentions within the context of Türkiye. The study concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications for advancing e-government initiatives.