Environmental and economic impact assessment of single-use laboratory plastic waste: A case study

Research labs rely on disposable plastics for sterility, safety, and affordability, but their environmental and economic impact has been largely overlooked. While the impact of single-use plastics is well-known, laboratory waste poses an additional challenge due to necessary treatment processes. Hence, this study investigated both the environmental and economic impact associated with single-use plastic waste management in a university laboratory, serving as a case study for Southeast Asia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on laboratory plastic waste management between 2014 and 2023 at a Malaysian university. Three waste management methods, i.e. incineration, landfilling with microwave pre-treatment, and landfilling with ozone pre-treatment, were implemented at consecutive intervals. Environmental impact was assessed by quantifying the GHG emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions, while economic assessment was evaluated based on invoiced costs. A total of 29,180.11 kg of single-use plastic waste resulted in 46,420.08 kg CO₂eq emissions and a cumulative disposal cost of RM 84,890.49. Among the three methods, landfilling with ozone pre-treatment demonstrated the lowest environmental impact (1.55 kg CO₂eq/kg) and cost (RM 2.79/kg). Direct emission from the end-of-life stage was the main source of GHG emissions, while disposal fees represented the largest portion of total costs. In light of these findings, it is crucial for universities and research institutions to recognise the environmental and economic impact of laboratory single-use plastics. This case study will serve as a foundation for advancing pre-treatment technologies and future end-of-life solutions.