Construction of nucleic acid Aptamer-Functionalized DNA hydrogels and their application in biomedicine

Nucleic acid aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogels constitute an innovative platform merging the precision of DNA nanotechnology with the versatility of hydrogel biomaterials. By integrating the precise targeting capabilities of aptamers with the tunable physicochemical properties of hydrogels, this hybrid system has found broad applications in biomedicine. This review outlines fundamental construction strategies for aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogels, such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), clamped hybridization chain reaction (C-HCR), and branched DNA self-assembly. We then highlight their unique functions, including in vitro capture/separation and in vivo recruitment/enrichment, as well as recent advances in tissue repair, tumor immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and biomedical detection. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future opportunities for these materials in biomedical applications.