Recent advances in tactile sensing technologies for human-robot interaction: Current trends and future perspectives

Tactile sensing technology has witnessed remarkable advancements, significantly expanding its applications across robotics, medical diagnostics, and consumer electronics. This paper reviews the latest developments in tactile sensing technologies, with a particular focus on their critical role in enhancing human-robot interaction. It highlights advancements in mechanoreceptor technologies, emphasizing innovations in material science and sensor design that improve the functionality and adaptability of tactile sensors. The review critically examines the evolution of key sensing modalities—piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric sensors detailing their operational principles, performance improvements, and integration into robotics systems for intuitive and responsive interactions. Emerging trends in sensor flexibility, sensitivity, and energy efficiency are explored, addressing their importance for creating adaptive, sustainable solutions in human-centered robotics. Additionally, the paper discusses challenges such as scalability, durability, and cost-effectiveness, which remain barriers to widespread adoption in robotic and clinical applications. The work concludes with future research directions, advocating for the integration of tactile sensors with artificial intelligence to develop self-learning systems capable of sophisticated decision-making and seamless human-robot collaboration. This review aims to bridge the gap between current technologies and future possibilities, charting a path toward transformative innovations in tactile sensing for human-robot interaction.