层状非预混平面混合层火焰（PMLF）氮燃料流中2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷掺杂乙烯对烟尘及其气体前驱体的影响

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105787

Christian P. Bjork , Mahmoud K. Ashour , Evangelos K. Stefanidis , Chiara Saggese , Scott W. Wagnon , Francesco Carbone

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引用次数: 0

摘要

合成航空涡轮燃料（satf）有望减少航空部门的烟尘排放，并使喷气燃料（JF）来源多样化。准确预测SATF（和其他JFs）的燃烧和排放行为需要强大的实验数据库来阐明长链异石蜡的化学性质，长链异石蜡可以构成SATF混合物的三分之二，其行为被认为是由异十二烷异构体的行为很好地代表。本文研究了两种层流非预混平面混合层火焰（pmlf），它们分别以氮稀释的纯乙烯和掺杂2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷为燃料，具有轻度烟尘负荷。两种PMLFs在燃料流中具有相同的化学计量混合物分数和总烃摩尔分数（XF，F=XC2H4,F+XC12H26,F = 0.260），导致最高温度几乎相同（Tmax≈1800 K），并且易于识别掺杂的影响。重要的是，任何水平PMLF截面都具有自相似结构，可以将其建模为等效的一维逆流火焰（1D-CF），其应变率(a)极小。在燃烧器（HAB）上方50毫米高度处的横截面采用毛细管取样和GC-MS分析，以C0-C18气体种类为特征。激光诱导发射光谱（LIES）量化了在HAB=25和50 mm处的煤烟体积分数（fv）分布，并进行了弹性激光散射（E-LLS），以确定等效1D-CFs的a和煤烟的E-LLS等效直径（d6,3）分布。用2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷取代1500ppm的乙烯可使几种多环芳烃和fv的浓度增加约1.5。同时，测量的d6,3在氧化剂流中翻倍，但在燃料流中保持不变，在HAB=50 mm。相反，在HAB= 25 mm时，异十二烷掺杂不影响d6,3分布。实验结果部分验证了劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室开发的化学反应和烟灰形成动力学模型，并为进一步改进其预测提供了方向。

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The effect on soot and its gas precursors of doping ethylene with 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane in the nitrogen-fuel stream of a laminar non-premixed Planar Mixing Layer Flame (PMLF)

Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels (SATFs) are promising for reducing soot emissions from the aviation sector and diversifying Jet Fuel (JF) sources. Accurately predicting the combustion and emissions behavior of SATFs (and other JFs) necessitates robust experimental databases to elucidate the chemistry of long-chain iso-paraffins, which can compose up to two-thirds of SATF blends and whose behavior is considered to be well-represented by that of iso-dodecane isomers. This study characterizes two laminar non-premixed Planar Mixing Layer Flames (PMLFs) with mild soot loads fueled by nitrogen-diluted ethylene, pure and doped with 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane, respectively. The two PMLFs have the same stoichiometric mixture fraction and total hydrocarbon mole fraction in the fuel stream (X_F,F=X_C2H4,F+X_C12H26,F = 0.260), resulting in nearly the same maximum temperature (T_max≈1800 K) and simple identification of the effects of doping. Importantly, any horizontal PMLF cross-section has a self-similar structure that can be modeled as an equivalent One-Dimensional Counterflow Flame (1D-CF) with vanishingly small strain rate (a). The cross-section at a Height Above the Burner (HAB) of 50 mm is characterized in terms of C₀-C₁₈ gas species using capillary sampling followed by GC-MS analyses. Laser-Induced Emission Spectroscopy (LIES) quantifies the soot volume fraction (f_v) profiles at HAB=25 and 50 mm where Elastic Laser Light Scattering (E-LLS) is performed to determine the a of the equivalent 1D-CFs and the profile of the E-LLS equivalent diameter (d_6,3) of soot. The substitution of 1500 ppm of ethylene with 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane causes an increase of ≈1.5 in the concentrations of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and f_v. Concurrently, the measured d_6,₃ doubles in the oxidizer stream, yet remains the same in the fuel stream, at HAB=50 mm. Instead, at HAB= 25 mm, the iso-dodecane doping does not affect the d_6,₃ profile in either stream. The experimental results partially validate the chemical reactions and soot formation kinetic model developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and provide directions to further improve its predictions.

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来源期刊

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

420

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： The Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains forefront contributions in fundamentals and applications of combustion science. For more than 50 years, the Combustion Institute has served as the peak international society for dissemination of scientific and technical research in the combustion field. In addition to author submissions, the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute includes the Institute''s prestigious invited strategic and topical reviews that represent indispensable resources for emergent research in the field. All papers are subjected to rigorous peer review. Research papers and invited topical reviews; Reaction Kinetics; Soot, PAH, and other large molecules; Diagnostics; Laminar Flames; Turbulent Flames; Heterogeneous Combustion; Spray and Droplet Combustion; Detonations, Explosions & Supersonic Combustion; Fire Research; Stationary Combustion Systems; IC Engine and Gas Turbine Combustion; New Technology Concepts The electronic version of Proceedings of the Combustion Institute contains supplemental material such as reaction mechanisms, illustrating movies, and other data.