伊朗境内阿富汗难民的全民公共医疗保险:背景分析。

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Sahar Amuzadeh-Araei, Amirhossein Takian, Alireza Jabbari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:包括难民在内的所有人的健康权被认为是最基本的人权之一。然而,难民在获得保健服务方面仍然面临许多障碍。伊朗尽管实施了难民健康保险计划,但尚未实现全面覆盖。因此,本研究旨在利用PESTEL框架,找出影响伊朗阿富汗难民基本全民健康保险计划的背景因素。方法:本研究于2024年10月至2025年3月进行。数据是通过对22名关键人员的半结构化访谈收集的,其中包括来自健康保险组织、外国人和外国移民事务局(BAFIA)、联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)、难民研究人员、受过教育的阿富汗难民和保健服务提供者的管理人员和专家。参与者通过有目的的抽样选择。数据分析采用基于PESTEL框架的框架分析。使用MAXQDA 20软件辅助数据管理和分析。结果:伊朗境内阿富汗难民普遍公共医疗保险政策的背景决定因素为61个因素,分为6个主题和17个副主题。本研究确定的主要主题包括政治(四个因素)、经济(五个因素)、法律和监管(两个因素)、社会文化(四个因素)、技术(一个因素)和环境因素(一个因素)。结论:这项基于PESTEL框架的研究结果表明,伊朗的难民健康保险政策受到一系列政治、经济、社会、技术、法律和环境因素的影响。为了改善难民的保险覆盖面,政策制定者,特别是卫生系统高级管理人员,可以通过加强信息基础设施、改革财政和法律机制以及加强部门间和国际合作,为公平和可持续地获得卫生保健服务创造有利环境。临床试验号:不适用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Universal public health insurance for Afghan refugees in Iran: a contextual analysis.

Background: The right to health for all individuals, including refugees, is recognized as one of the most fundamental human rights. However, refugees continue to face numerous barriers in accessing healthcare services. Iran has not yet achieved full coverage despite implementing a health insurance scheme for refugees. Therefore, this study aims to identify the contextual factors influencing the basic universal health insurance program for Afghan refugees in Iran using the PESTEL framework.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted between October 2024 and March 2025. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 key individuals, including managers and experts from the Health Insurance Organization, the Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants Affairs (BAFIA), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refugee researchers, educated Afghan refugees, and healthcare service providers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using framework analysis based on the PESTEL framework. MAXQDA 20 software was used to assist with data management and analysis.

Results: The contextual determinants of the universal public health insurance policy for Afghan refugees in Iran were 61 factors that were categorized into six main themes and 17 sub-themes. The main themes identified in this study included political (four factors), economic (five factors), legal and regulatory (two factors), sociocultural (four factors), technological (one factor), and environmental factors (one factor).

Conclusion: Findings from this study, based on the PESTEL framework, revealed that the refugee health insurance policy in Iran is influenced by a range of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. To improve insurance coverage among refugees, policymakers-particularly senior health system managers-can create an enabling environment for equitable and sustainable access to healthcare services by strengthening information infrastructures, reforming financial and legal mechanisms, and enhancing intersectoral and international collaboration.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

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来源期刊
Globalization and Health
Globalization and Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
1.90%
发文量
93
期刊介绍: "Globalization and Health" is a pioneering transdisciplinary journal dedicated to situating public health and well-being within the dynamic forces of global development. The journal is committed to publishing high-quality, original research that explores the impact of globalization processes on global public health. This includes examining how globalization influences health systems and the social, economic, commercial, and political determinants of health. The journal welcomes contributions from various disciplines, including policy, health systems, political economy, international relations, and community perspectives. While single-country studies are accepted, they must emphasize global/globalization mechanisms and their relevance to global-level policy discourse and decision-making.
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