Sami Ullah Khan;Muhammad Aamir;Muhammad Abbas;Uzman Ali;Usman Ali;Sadiq Ullah;Abdul Basir;Toni Björninen
{"title":"生物医学用2.45 GHz宽带低sar天线设计","authors":"Sami Ullah Khan;Muhammad Aamir;Muhammad Abbas;Uzman Ali;Usman Ali;Sadiq Ullah;Abdul Basir;Toni Björninen","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3565837","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized implantable antenna is designed for biomedical applications operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed implantable antenna has a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.5\\times 5.5\\times 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.64 mm3 and is manufactured using a biocompatible substrate, Roger RO3010 with permittivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ \\varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \\quad \\text {and} \\quad \\text {loss tangent of}~ \\, \\tan (\\delta)=0.0022 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To enhance safety, a superstrate and a silicon coating around the antenna are employed to isolate the antenna from the surrounding biological tissues. The simulation software from the HFSS and CST studio suite was utilized to simulate and optimize the proposed implantable antenna, followed by fabrication and testing. The simulation of the proposed antenna was evaluated in terms of its reflection coefficient and gain within a three-layered body phantom, while the testing of the proposed design was carried out using minced pork. The proposed implantable antenna exhibits an 811 MHz bandwidth and a −21 dBi measured gain at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, for safety evaluation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis was conducted and was found to be within standard limits. The simulated and measured results show a strong correlation, demonstrating that the antenna delivers state-of-the-art performance for implantable biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1166-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980331","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Wideband and Low-SAR Antenna Design at 2.45 GHz for Biomedical Applications\",\"authors\":\"Sami Ullah Khan;Muhammad Aamir;Muhammad Abbas;Uzman Ali;Usman Ali;Sadiq Ullah;Abdul Basir;Toni Björninen\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3565837\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In this paper, a miniaturized implantable antenna is designed for biomedical applications operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed implantable antenna has a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.5\\\\times 5.5\\\\times 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.64 mm3 and is manufactured using a biocompatible substrate, Roger RO3010 with permittivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ \\\\varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \\\\quad \\\\text {and} \\\\quad \\\\text {loss tangent of}~ \\\\, \\\\tan (\\\\delta)=0.0022 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To enhance safety, a superstrate and a silicon coating around the antenna are employed to isolate the antenna from the surrounding biological tissues. The simulation software from the HFSS and CST studio suite was utilized to simulate and optimize the proposed implantable antenna, followed by fabrication and testing. The simulation of the proposed antenna was evaluated in terms of its reflection coefficient and gain within a three-layered body phantom, while the testing of the proposed design was carried out using minced pork. The proposed implantable antenna exhibits an 811 MHz bandwidth and a −21 dBi measured gain at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, for safety evaluation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis was conducted and was found to be within standard limits. The simulated and measured results show a strong correlation, demonstrating that the antenna delivers state-of-the-art performance for implantable biomedical applications.\",\"PeriodicalId\":34267,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation\",\"volume\":\"6 4\",\"pages\":\"1166-1174\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980331\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980331/\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980331/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
A Wideband and Low-SAR Antenna Design at 2.45 GHz for Biomedical Applications
In this paper, a miniaturized implantable antenna is designed for biomedical applications operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed implantable antenna has a compact size of $5.5\times 5.5\times 0$ .64 mm3 and is manufactured using a biocompatible substrate, Roger RO3010 with permittivity of $ \varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \quad \text {and} \quad \text {loss tangent of}~ \, \tan (\delta)=0.0022 $ . To enhance safety, a superstrate and a silicon coating around the antenna are employed to isolate the antenna from the surrounding biological tissues. The simulation software from the HFSS and CST studio suite was utilized to simulate and optimize the proposed implantable antenna, followed by fabrication and testing. The simulation of the proposed antenna was evaluated in terms of its reflection coefficient and gain within a three-layered body phantom, while the testing of the proposed design was carried out using minced pork. The proposed implantable antenna exhibits an 811 MHz bandwidth and a −21 dBi measured gain at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, for safety evaluation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis was conducted and was found to be within standard limits. The simulated and measured results show a strong correlation, demonstrating that the antenna delivers state-of-the-art performance for implantable biomedical applications.