Recent advances in MXenes nanomaterials for energy applications

MXenes are a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that have become a pioneering class of nanomaterials with enormous potential in energy applications. Their distinctive characteristics, such as high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and large surface area, make them perfect candidates for energy storage and conversion technologies. Recent developments in MXene synthesis, like intercalation and delamination techniques, have made it possible to create high-performance electrodes for batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Additionally, MXenes have proven to be remarkably efficient in catalysis, hydrogen production, and carbon dioxide reduction, further solidifying their role in tackling the world's energy problems. While the incorporation of MXenes into hybrid materials has created new opportunities to improve their electrochemical performance and stability, researchers have investigated novel strategies, like surface modification and in-situ fabrication, to optimize MXene-based devices for long-term use, and computational studies have yielded important insights into the relationship between MXene nanostructures and their energy-related properties. Despite these developments, scaling up production and improving the mechanical stability of MXene-based systems remain difficult tasks, and further research and cooperation are necessary to fully utilize MXenes in the development of sustainable and effective energy solutions for the future.This review focuses on the structural properties of MXenes and their potential new applications in energy conversion and storage systems. It investigates how MXenes, with their distinctive properties, can help to advance energy technologies. The article also discusses their functions in improving efficiency and performance in various energy appliances. Furthermore, the paper evaluates recent breakthroughs in MXene nanomaterials, including their advantages and limitations. It addresses the advancements that MXenes have made in energy-related technologies such as batteries, solar cells, capacitors, and hydrogen production. This study intends to highlight MXenes' contributions to cutting-edge energy solutions while addressing existing problems in the field.