Electrochemical regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain protein redox states using transmembrane copper peptides for myocardial infarction risk assessment

Detecting mitochondrial Complex I protein glutathionylation in peripheral blood is crucial for preventing myocardial infarction, highlighting its role as a key oxidative stress biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Our study introduces a novel molecular probe for quantitative analysis, enhancing early diagnosis and treatment strategies. This probe integrates a mitochondrial targeting sequence for heightened sensitivity, ensuring precise detection. Leveraging Complex I's redox catalytic activity enables signal amplification, facilitating robust detection in complex clinical matrices. It represents a promising step in cardiovascular disease management, offering early identification of pathophysiological markers relevant to myocardial infarction risk assessment and prevention. Our approach focuses on respiratory chain Complex I proteins and their oxidative modifications, providing insights into oxidative stress levels and myocardial infarction risk. The peptide-based molecular probe integrates functional sequences targeting Complex I and copper ions for effective interaction and immobilization on a conductive substrate. By harnessing Complex I's redox activity and employing catalytic cycles with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, our method enhances sensitivity and specificity in detecting pathological glutathionylation under oxidative stress, validated with clinical samples demonstrating robust detection capabilities for clinical diagnostics and risk assessment.