Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in cerebral infarction due to hyperlipidemia and lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant therapy

Hyperlipidemia is widely recognized as an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction. Research has demonstrated that hyperlipidemia contributes to cerebral infarction through multiple mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, and insufficient collateral perfusion. Numerous studies have indicated that hyperlipidemia promotes atherosclerosis, predominantly via oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thereby elevating the risk of cerebral infarction. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent literature on the mechanisms by which hyperlipidemia induces cerebral infarction, with a particular emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting these etiologies, including lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant interventions, have been summarized for the treatment of cerebral infarction and the improvement of patient outcomes.