Global prevalence and gastrointestinal symptom burden of individuals with a history of cholecystectomy

Background Cholecystectomy is commonly performed globally, and many patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) report that their symptoms have either preceded or developed following cholecystectomy. Objective To determine the global prevalence of a self-reported history of a cholecystectomy and investigate its association with fulfilling Rome IV diagnostic criteria for DGBI. Design First, we used population-based internet questionnaire data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (n=54 127) to calculate the cross-sectional prevalence of a self-reported history of cholecystectomy. Second, we compared the prevalence of meeting diagnostic criteria for DGBI by cholecystectomy, using logistic regression models to calculate ORs before and after adjusting (AOR) for potential confounders. Results We identified 2709 subjects with cholecystectomy, corresponding to a global prevalence of 5.0% (95% CI 4.8 to 5.2). Global differences followed an east to west gradient, ranging from 1.9% in Asia to 9.9% in North America. Cholecystectomy was associated with a higher prevalence of fulfilling symptom criteria for any DGBI (AOR 1.50, 56.2% with cholecystectomy vs 42.3% without cholecystectomy), with the highest AOR found for gastroduodenal (AOR 1.73; 19.9% vs 11.8%) and anorectal (AOR 1.71; 17.0% vs 8.4%) disorders, followed by oesophageal (AOR 1.47; 12.3% vs 6.6%) and bowel (AOR 1.38; 47.5% vs 35.4%) disorders. Conclusion Cholecystectomy is prevalent worldwide and varies across world regions. A history of this procedure is associated with a higher GI symptom burden, either due to new cholecystectomy-related symptomatic conditions, or persistent DGBI misattributed to biliary disease for which a cholecystectomy was erroneously performed. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. The online supplement contains an extensive summary of all aggregated patient data used for the present study. For more information about the study database (Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study), we refer to the website of the Rome Foundation: . Access to the dataset is available according to the procedures outlined by the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study group, upon approval of a submitted project proposal.