The role of family structure in shaping psychological experiences of emerging adults: A mixed methods study.

Background: Family structure plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals' psychological development, particularly during emerging adulthood.

Aim: In India, where joint and nuclear family systems coexist, understanding how these structures influence psychological variables such as conformity, loneliness, perceived self-efficacy, psychological distancing, and the need for affiliation is critical.

Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine these variables among 470 emerging adults (298 females, 172 males) aged 18 to 25 years, recruited from urban and semi-urban areas in India. Quantitative data were collected using standardized tools, while qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants.

Results: Quantitative results revealed that emerging adults from joint families reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy compared to those from nuclear families (U = 18,945, p = .03), while no significant differences were found in loneliness (U = 25,140, p = .73) or conformity (U = 20,735, p = .57). A weak negative correlation was found between loneliness and self-efficacy (rs = -.20, p < .05), indicating that higher loneliness is associated with lower self-efficacy. Qualitative findings highlighted the role of family as a source of emotional security, with technology bridging emotional gaps across family types. Participants exhibited a present-focused planning mindset, emphasizing adaptability over rigid long-term goals. Both joint and nuclear family participants relied on familial and peer networks to fulfill affiliative needs, though the nature of these networks varied by family structure.

Conclusion: The study concludes that while joint families were associated with higher self-efficacy, both family types provided emotional security and fulfilled affiliative needs in distinct ways. These findings underscore the importance of considering both structural and relational aspects of family dynamics in understanding young adults' psychological well-being. Future research should explore these dynamics across different cultural contexts and age groups to identify universal and culture-specific patterns.