Annexin A1 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact of professional mechanical plaque removal.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the local inflammatory profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by assessing interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and annexin A1 (ANXA1) levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to compare the clinical and biochemical responses to proffessional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) between women with PCOS and systemically healthy individuals.

Methods: Eighty women were allocated into four groups: (1) PCOS-healthy periodontium (PCOSH), (2) PCOS-gingivitis (PCOSG), (3) systemically healthy-gingivitis (SG), (4) systemically and periodontally healthy (SH). Clinical periodontal parameters and saliva/GCF samples were collected at baseline and 6 weeks after PMPR. IL-6, IL-10, and ANXA1 levels were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regression.

Results: Both gingivitis groups showed comparable clinical improvements and significant reductions in salivary IL-6 levels and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio following PMPR, independent of PCOS status. Notably, GCF ANXA1 levels increased in PCOSG but decreased in SG. In the PCOSG group, baseline levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were significant predictors of changes in GCF ANXA1, as indicated by multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion: PMPR may lead to similar clinical and local biochemical outcomes in patients with gingivitis, regardless of PCOS status. ANXA1 may have a specific role in modulating gingival inflammation in women with PCOS.

Clinical relevance: This study highlights the importance of managing gingivitis in women with PCOS, suggesting that periodontal treatment may result in comparable improvements. Additionally, the findings suggest a potential modulatory role for ANXA1 in the periodontal inflammatory response associated with PCOS.