Superionic Glasses: Potential and Challenges in Solid-State Batteries and Fuel Cells

Superionic glasses are gaining significant attention as advanced solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries (SSBs) and fuel cells due to their high ionic conductivity, structural flexibility, and ease of processing. Unlike their crystalline counterparts, these amorphous materials enable isotropic ion transport and better mechanical adaptability, making them suitable for next-generation energy storage and conversion systems. Their inherent advantages position them as strong candidates to replace conventional liquid electrolytes and rigid ceramics. However, several critical challenges hinder their widespread adoption, including poor interface stability, the risk of dendrite formation, and sensitivity to moisture. These issues can compromise the long-term performance and safety of devices. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring solutions such as protective coatings, composite electrolytes, and chemical modifications to enhance the electrochemical and environmental stability of superionic glasses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their fundamental properties, current applications in electrochemical devices, and recent progress in overcoming key limitations. Furthermore, the development roadmap from research to commercialization is discussed, highlighting both emerging and commercial glass-based solid electrolytes. With continued innovation and optimization, superionic glasses hold the potential to play a pivotal role in the advancement of safe, efficient, and scalable solid-state energy technologies.