由裂谷倾角控制的同裂谷岩浆活动和海洋扩张起始:来自三维耦合热-机械和表面过程建模的见解

IF 4.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Éva Oravecz, Attila Balázs, Taras Gerya, Dave A. May, László Fodor
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大陆裂陷往往是斜向的,受各种继承的弱壳幔非均质性控制,与伸展方向呈非正交角。斜裂陷引起裂谷构造的应变分割和沿走向分割,但其对岩浆生成和扩张起始的影响尚未得到充分探讨。在这项研究中,我们使用三维岩石学-热力学和地表过程的耦合数值模型来量化裂谷倾角、地壳断裂、热演化、岩浆活动以及侵蚀和沉积过程之间的动态反馈。模型表明,裂谷倾角的增加延迟了熔融的开始,并非线性地减少了地壳熔体供应,而对地幔熔体体积的影响要小得多。地壳熔体带的空间分布与主断裂带相同,呈分段的雁列排列,表明地壳熔体的产生受强烈的构造控制。随后,第一次大陆分裂的位置与热最弱的次正交裂谷段有关,随后是偏移扩张中心的沿走向传播。这种传播速率随时间和空间的变化而变化,这是由应变局部化的可变效率驱动的。模型还表明,在裂谷倾角30°以上,偏置扩张中心之间的变形可能由在扩张起始后期自发形成的大洋转换断层调节。这些模型预测与伍德拉克盆地和埃塞俄比亚裂谷的观测结果很好地吻合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Syn-Rift Magmatism and Oceanic Spreading Initiation Controlled by Rift Obliquity: Insights From 3D Coupled Thermo-Mechanical and Surface Processes Modeling

Syn-Rift Magmatism and Oceanic Spreading Initiation Controlled by Rift Obliquity: Insights From 3D Coupled Thermo-Mechanical and Surface Processes Modeling

Syn-Rift Magmatism and Oceanic Spreading Initiation Controlled by Rift Obliquity: Insights From 3D Coupled Thermo-Mechanical and Surface Processes Modeling

Syn-Rift Magmatism and Oceanic Spreading Initiation Controlled by Rift Obliquity: Insights From 3D Coupled Thermo-Mechanical and Surface Processes Modeling

Continental rifting is often oblique, controlled by various inherited weak crustal and mantle heterogeneities striking at non-orthogonal angles to the direction of extension. Oblique rifting is known to induce strain partitioning and along-strike segmentation of the rift structure, but its effects on the magma generation and spreading initiation have remained insufficiently explored. In this study, we used coupled 3D petrological–thermo-mechanical and surface processes numerical models to quantify the dynamic feedbacks between rift obliquity, crustal faulting, thermal evolution, magmatism, and erosion and sedimentation processes. The models show that increasing rift obliquity delays the onset of melting and non-linearly reduces the crustal melt supply, whereas the mantle melt volumes are much less influenced. Spatial distribution of the crustal melting zones follows the same segmented en echelon arrangement as the main fault zones, suggesting a strong structural control over the crustal melt generation. Subsequently, the location of the first continental break-up is linked to the thermally most weakened sub-orthogonal rift segments, followed by along-strike propagation of the offset spreading centers. The rate of this propagation changes in space and time, driven by the variable efficiency of strain localization. The models also suggest that above 30° rift obliquity, deformation between the offset spreading centers may be accommodated by oceanic transform faults, which form spontaneously during the late stage of spreading initiation. These model predictions are in good agreement with observations from the Woodlark Basin and Main Ethiopian Rift.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
559
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth serves as the premier publication for the breadth of solid Earth geophysics including (in alphabetical order): electromagnetic methods; exploration geophysics; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics, rheology, and plate kinematics; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; hydrogeophysics; Instruments, techniques, and models; solid Earth interactions with the cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and climate; marine geology and geophysics; natural and anthropogenic hazards; near surface geophysics; petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy; planet Earth physics and chemistry; rock mechanics and deformation; seismology; tectonophysics; and volcanology. JGR: Solid Earth has long distinguished itself as the venue for publication of Research Articles backed solidly by data and as well as presenting theoretical and numerical developments with broad applications. Research Articles published in JGR: Solid Earth have had long-term impacts in their fields. JGR: Solid Earth provides a venue for special issues and special themes based on conferences, workshops, and community initiatives. JGR: Solid Earth also publishes Commentaries on research and emerging trends in the field; these are commissioned by the editors, and suggestion are welcome.
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