Research Progress of Fiber-Based Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

With the rapid development of 5G wireless network and modern electronic communication equipment, challenges posed by electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) pollution have become increasingly prominent. These issues threaten sensitive electronic devices and human health alike. In this context, electromagnetic shielding textiles—designed to protect against radiation hazards—have garnered significant attention. Unlike conventional textiles, these materials exhibit unique physical properties, notably electrical conductivity and magnetism, achieved through conductive polymers, coatings, metallic yarns, or their functional integration with natural/synthetic fibers. The lightweight, flexible, low-density, and easy-processing characteristics of fiber-based electromagnetic shielding materials (FESM) have driven rapid innovation. Diverse fiber products, including fibers, yarns, woven/knitted/non-woven fabrics, and composites, have found extensive applications in the field of EMR shielding. This paper commences with the fundamental concept of electromagnetic shielding and then delves into various aspects of fiber-based electromagnetic shielding, such as mechanisms, properties, classifications, and processing techniques. It covers recent advances in material preparation, synthesizes findings on shielding efficacy across fiber/yarn/fabric forms, and reviews fabrication methods and applications—providing critical data analysis. Finally, it evaluates performance trade-offs and discusses future application needs and development trends for electromagnetic shielding textiles.