Pietro Bernasconi, Michael Carpenter, Harry Eaton, Erich Schulze, Bliss Carkhuff, Geoffrey Palo, Daniel Young, Nour Raouafi, Angelos Vourlidas, Robert Coker, Sami K. Solanki, Andreas Korpi-Lagg, Achim Gandorfer, Alex Feller, Tino L. Riethmüller, H. N. Smitha, Bianca Grauf, Jose Carlos del Toro Iniesta, David Orozco Suárez, Yukio Katsukawa, Masahito Kubo, Thomas Berkefeld, Alexander Bell, Alberto Álvarez-Herrero, Valentín Martínez Pillet
{"title":"日出三号气球太阳观测站的贡多拉","authors":"Pietro Bernasconi, Michael Carpenter, Harry Eaton, Erich Schulze, Bliss Carkhuff, Geoffrey Palo, Daniel Young, Nour Raouafi, Angelos Vourlidas, Robert Coker, Sami K. Solanki, Andreas Korpi-Lagg, Achim Gandorfer, Alex Feller, Tino L. Riethmüller, H. N. Smitha, Bianca Grauf, Jose Carlos del Toro Iniesta, David Orozco Suárez, Yukio Katsukawa, Masahito Kubo, Thomas Berkefeld, Alexander Bell, Alberto Álvarez-Herrero, Valentín Martínez Pillet","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02524-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sunrise iii</span> is a balloon-borne solar observatory dedicated to investigating the physics governing the magnetism and dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere. The observatory is designed to operate in the stratosphere, at heights around 36 km (above 99% of Earth’s atmosphere), to avoid image degradation due to turbulence in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, to gain access to the NUV wavelengths down to 309 nm, and to enable (when flown during summer solstice) observing the Sun uninterruptedly 24 hours/day. It is composed of a balloon gondola (equivalent to a spacecraft bus) carrying a 1-m aperture telescope (the largest solar telescope to-date to fly in the stratosphere on a balloon) feeding an imaging vector magnetograph and two spectropolarimeters aiming at acquiring high spatial resolution high cadence time series maps of the solar vector magnetic fields, plasma flows, and temperature in the photosphere and chromosphere.</p><p>In July 2024 <span>Sunrise iii</span> successfully completed a six and a half days long stratospheric flight from Kiruna (Sweden) to Northern Canada at an average altitude of 36 km. This was the third successful flight of the <span>Sunrise</span> observatory, which had previously flown in 2009 and 2013. For this flight it was upgraded substantially with a new and improved suite of three instruments carried by a completely new gondola with upgraded pointing control system.</p><p>This article focuses on describing the design and flight performance of the <span>Sunrise iii</span> gondola and all its subsystems. It describes the gondola mechanical structure, its power system, its command and control system, and in particular its pointing control system which was key for achieving high spatial and spectral resolution images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere by the three instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02524-x.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Gondola for the Sunrise iii Balloon-Borne Solar Observatory\",\"authors\":\"Pietro Bernasconi, Michael Carpenter, Harry Eaton, Erich Schulze, Bliss Carkhuff, Geoffrey Palo, Daniel Young, Nour Raouafi, Angelos Vourlidas, Robert Coker, Sami K. Solanki, Andreas Korpi-Lagg, Achim Gandorfer, Alex Feller, Tino L. Riethmüller, H. N. 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It is composed of a balloon gondola (equivalent to a spacecraft bus) carrying a 1-m aperture telescope (the largest solar telescope to-date to fly in the stratosphere on a balloon) feeding an imaging vector magnetograph and two spectropolarimeters aiming at acquiring high spatial resolution high cadence time series maps of the solar vector magnetic fields, plasma flows, and temperature in the photosphere and chromosphere.</p><p>In July 2024 <span>Sunrise iii</span> successfully completed a six and a half days long stratospheric flight from Kiruna (Sweden) to Northern Canada at an average altitude of 36 km. This was the third successful flight of the <span>Sunrise</span> observatory, which had previously flown in 2009 and 2013. For this flight it was upgraded substantially with a new and improved suite of three instruments carried by a completely new gondola with upgraded pointing control system.</p><p>This article focuses on describing the design and flight performance of the <span>Sunrise iii</span> gondola and all its subsystems. 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The Gondola for the Sunrise iii Balloon-Borne Solar Observatory
Sunrise iii is a balloon-borne solar observatory dedicated to investigating the physics governing the magnetism and dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere. The observatory is designed to operate in the stratosphere, at heights around 36 km (above 99% of Earth’s atmosphere), to avoid image degradation due to turbulence in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, to gain access to the NUV wavelengths down to 309 nm, and to enable (when flown during summer solstice) observing the Sun uninterruptedly 24 hours/day. It is composed of a balloon gondola (equivalent to a spacecraft bus) carrying a 1-m aperture telescope (the largest solar telescope to-date to fly in the stratosphere on a balloon) feeding an imaging vector magnetograph and two spectropolarimeters aiming at acquiring high spatial resolution high cadence time series maps of the solar vector magnetic fields, plasma flows, and temperature in the photosphere and chromosphere.
In July 2024 Sunrise iii successfully completed a six and a half days long stratospheric flight from Kiruna (Sweden) to Northern Canada at an average altitude of 36 km. This was the third successful flight of the Sunrise observatory, which had previously flown in 2009 and 2013. For this flight it was upgraded substantially with a new and improved suite of three instruments carried by a completely new gondola with upgraded pointing control system.
This article focuses on describing the design and flight performance of the Sunrise iii gondola and all its subsystems. It describes the gondola mechanical structure, its power system, its command and control system, and in particular its pointing control system which was key for achieving high spatial and spectral resolution images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere by the three instruments.
期刊介绍:
Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.