{"title":"响应面法对小球藻超临界提取工艺的参数研究及优化","authors":"Milap G. Nayak , Reena D. Gamit","doi":"10.1016/j.chphi.2025.100923","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> is one of the potential feedstocks for fuel generation due to its high lipid content, rapid growth, easier cultivation and adaptability to the environment. In this work, <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> microalgae were selected as the feedstock for the extraction of oil using supercritical CO<sub>2.</sub> The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on oil yield were investigated in parametric research. Extracted oil yield over time was further analyzed by the full Sovová mass transfer model, describing both the constant extraction rate (CER) and falling extraction rate (FER) periods effectively. Sovová model with high R<sup>2</sup> and low residual error showed a close agreement between predicted and observed values of oil extraction yield. Process parameters were fine-tuned using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). High R<sup>2</sup> and R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> values confirmed the effectiveness of a quadratic model in describing the effects of both single and interaction variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study revealed that temperature, the interactive effect between temperature and time, and pressure and time have a significant effect on extraction yield due to their lower p-value. ANOVA validated the accuracy of the model due to its lower coefficient of variation. A close agreement in predicted yield of 42.85 wt% and an actual yield of 41.94 wt% was observed at optimized conditions of 32.6 °C, 25.4 MPa, and 130.2 min. Other fatty acids, including 23.73 % linoleic acid and 55.8 % oleic acid, were detected by HPLC analysis. The oil is found to be suitable for the production of biodiesel due to its high iodine and saponification values, along with low acid values. <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> has the potential to be a feasible and scalable feedstock for renewable energy applications. Also, extraction involving SC<img>CO<sub>2</sub> and its optimisation involving the RSM method showed an effective and statistically sound method for algal oil extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9758,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Physics Impact","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Parametric study and optimisation of supercritical extraction of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae using Response surface methodology\",\"authors\":\"Milap G. Nayak , Reena D. Gamit\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.chphi.2025.100923\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Microalgae <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> is one of the potential feedstocks for fuel generation due to its high lipid content, rapid growth, easier cultivation and adaptability to the environment. In this work, <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> microalgae were selected as the feedstock for the extraction of oil using supercritical CO<sub>2.</sub> The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on oil yield were investigated in parametric research. Extracted oil yield over time was further analyzed by the full Sovová mass transfer model, describing both the constant extraction rate (CER) and falling extraction rate (FER) periods effectively. Sovová model with high R<sup>2</sup> and low residual error showed a close agreement between predicted and observed values of oil extraction yield. Process parameters were fine-tuned using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). High R<sup>2</sup> and R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> values confirmed the effectiveness of a quadratic model in describing the effects of both single and interaction variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study revealed that temperature, the interactive effect between temperature and time, and pressure and time have a significant effect on extraction yield due to their lower p-value. ANOVA validated the accuracy of the model due to its lower coefficient of variation. A close agreement in predicted yield of 42.85 wt% and an actual yield of 41.94 wt% was observed at optimized conditions of 32.6 °C, 25.4 MPa, and 130.2 min. Other fatty acids, including 23.73 % linoleic acid and 55.8 % oleic acid, were detected by HPLC analysis. The oil is found to be suitable for the production of biodiesel due to its high iodine and saponification values, along with low acid values. <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> has the potential to be a feasible and scalable feedstock for renewable energy applications. Also, extraction involving SC<img>CO<sub>2</sub> and its optimisation involving the RSM method showed an effective and statistically sound method for algal oil extraction.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9758,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemical Physics Impact\",\"volume\":\"11 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100923\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemical Physics Impact\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667022425001094\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Physics Impact","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667022425001094","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Parametric study and optimisation of supercritical extraction of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae using Response surface methodology
Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is one of the potential feedstocks for fuel generation due to its high lipid content, rapid growth, easier cultivation and adaptability to the environment. In this work, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were selected as the feedstock for the extraction of oil using supercritical CO2. The effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on oil yield were investigated in parametric research. Extracted oil yield over time was further analyzed by the full Sovová mass transfer model, describing both the constant extraction rate (CER) and falling extraction rate (FER) periods effectively. Sovová model with high R2 and low residual error showed a close agreement between predicted and observed values of oil extraction yield. Process parameters were fine-tuned using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). High R2 and R2adj values confirmed the effectiveness of a quadratic model in describing the effects of both single and interaction variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study revealed that temperature, the interactive effect between temperature and time, and pressure and time have a significant effect on extraction yield due to their lower p-value. ANOVA validated the accuracy of the model due to its lower coefficient of variation. A close agreement in predicted yield of 42.85 wt% and an actual yield of 41.94 wt% was observed at optimized conditions of 32.6 °C, 25.4 MPa, and 130.2 min. Other fatty acids, including 23.73 % linoleic acid and 55.8 % oleic acid, were detected by HPLC analysis. The oil is found to be suitable for the production of biodiesel due to its high iodine and saponification values, along with low acid values. Chlorella vulgaris has the potential to be a feasible and scalable feedstock for renewable energy applications. Also, extraction involving SCCO2 and its optimisation involving the RSM method showed an effective and statistically sound method for algal oil extraction.